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ecchymosis

Common bruise. Most bruises form when blood vessels near the surface of the skin are damaged, usually by impact from an injury. This blood gets trapped beneath the skin, where it forms into a little pool that turns your skin purple, black, or blue. Purpura is a purple spot ranging in size from small dot to large patch on the skin. It occurs when small blood vessels burst, causing blood to pool under the skin. They are generally benign, but may indicate a more serious medical condition, such as a blood clotting disorder. Petechia is a small (1-2 mm) red or purple spot on the skin or conjunctiva, caused by a minor bleed from broken capillary blood vessels.