金工篇05-抽芯拉釘和安裝工具 Meal Work 05- Rivet Installation and Tools скачать в хорошем качестве

金工篇05-抽芯拉釘和安裝工具 Meal Work 05- Rivet Installation and Tools

香港建筑物的鋁窗，窗鉸、窗花和拉手掣，都普遍採用抽芯拉釘來安裝 Rivet is a very common metal fastener for installing metal structure on building in HK 這種釘是一面帶釘頭的金屬管，中空部份預裝有一枝金屬抽芯向外伸出 Rivet is a tube shape metal nail with nail head on one side and a metal rod/mandrel projecting from the tail through the shaft to the head 芯尾帶錐形或珠形澎脹頭，連接抽芯部較幼 The rear end of rod is an inflated cone of which the tip/neck is connected with the rod. 當用工具將抽芯拉出時，芯尾會將釘管尾部擠壓擴大，釘管縮短 When the rod is driven out from the head, the conic tail will compress the shaft from the tail to make it shorter and bigger 芯尾壓在内層金屬面上，抽芯在頸部斷裂，壓接便完成 The defromed shaft tail will press on the plate until it is fastened and the mandrel broken at the neck 拉釘無須像螺絲般要在另一端套上絲母，在前面插入拉起抽芯便能固定在底板上 This kind of rivet doesn't need to apply any kind of nut for locking up the nail on the rear side, simply plugging the rivet into the hole throgh the object and supporting metal plate and pulling out the manfrel will complete the installation 所以英文也叫盲拉釘，是鉚釘的一種 Hence, it is also called the blind rivet or pop rivet 如何選擇適當拉釘 How to choose the right rivet 材质： 鋁質拉釘容易安裝，但不抗腐蝕，不太適宜廁所廚房之類的惡劣環境 Aluminium rivet is easy to install but it is not able to sustain in errosive environment 不銹鋼拉釘抗腐蝕和抗拉張力強，鋁窗檢查承判商大都會將老化鋁釘改用不銹鋼拉釘 Stainless steel rivet is tough, thus the licensed window inspection conctractor tend to use stainless steel rivetfor the replacement of aged aluminium rivet 但不銹鋼比鋁硬，安裝和拆裝時，可能對窗框做成損害 Yet stainless steel rivet is much harder than aluminium, the window frame may be damaged in the process of installation or dismantaling. 直徑Diameter： 拉釘一般只標注釘管直徑和長度，部份會加上釘頭直徑 Beside material, the rivet is specified of diameter and length. Sometimes, head diameter is also marked 香港已隨世界潮流向公制過渡，英美加仍沿用英制，轉換可查表 HK is now migrating to metric system while UK, US and Canada are still adopting BS. Everybody may refer to the convertion chart for unit convertion 拉釘的強度和截面積是成正比的，也要看金屬底板的承受能力 The strengh of rivet is positively related to its diameter. Surely the strength of supporting metal plate is also relevant 用多粗和多少的拉釘，要看承受的垂直和橫向拉力而定 The size and quantity of rivetv are thus determined by the anticipated loading 一個簡單的算法，拉釘直徑以承重金屬片的厚度2至3倍來計算 A simple rule of thumb is that the diameter is 2 or 3 times of thickness of supporting metal plate 鋁是較軟的金屬，要達到鐵或不銹鋼的同等強度，厚度要2倍或以上 Aluminium is a soft metal. To reach the equivalent strengh of iron or steel plate, the thickness of aluminium plate should be about 2 to 3 times of the formers 製造承重建材的金屬，鋼或鐡是1mm或以上，鋁材都是1.6mm或以上 In general, for manufacturing load bearing building materials, iron plate is 1mm or above while aluminium plate is 1.6mm or above 一般中小型鋁窗用的拉釘，直徑∅3.2mm、3.6mm，4.0mm，4.8mm都會用到 Hence, those rivets of ∅3.2mm、3.6mm，4.0mm，4.8mm are used 但落地窗和玻璃門重得多，可能要用上如∅8mm或更大的拉釘才夠堅固 For French windows(from ceiling to floor windows) or glass door, much larger rivets like ∅8mm or above should be used 長度： 拉釘要比連接物件厚/深度長，長出的部份要等如直徑的1.5倍 The rivet must be longer than the total thickness of the plate and object to be fastened. The "pop-out" portion should be about 1.5 times of its diameter 例如窗框鋁材1.6mm厚，拉手掣厚3mm, 用∅3.6mm直徑拉釘 For example, if the aluminium plate of window frame is 1.6mm thick, 3mm for the window lock base and ∅3.6m rivet is used, 拉釘長度=(1.6+3+3.6x1.5)mm=10mm The rive kength should be: 1.6+3+3.6x1.5)mm=10mm 所以拉釘用3.6*10便合適，太短或太長都令釘尾無法壓緊 There for, the 3.6*10 rivet should be used，either too long or too short will fail the locking 工具和步驟： 全新安裝或換裝都要用鑽要鑽孔，買高硬度能鑽不銹鋼的鑽會方便施工 Before the installation, holes must be cored at first. The drill which is hard enough for processing stainless steelis preferred 孔直徑要比拉釘大0.2mm，方便插入拉釘 The hole should be a little bit larger than the rivet by 0.2mm 每次更換拉釘時，鋁質較軟，很容易在拆釘時把孔擴大了 It should be noted that the hole may be bored every time when replacing the rivet 如果太鬆，唯有換用粗一點的拉釘 If deemed to be too loose, use larger rivet anyway 安裝工具有手拉鉗，電鑽用拉釘槍頭和電動/氣動拉釘槍，前兩種較便宜 The tools for installing rivet include rivet plier, rivet gun adapter, pneumatic rivet gun and electric rivet gun, the former two cost less. 鉗咀/槍咀適配∅2.4、3.2、3.6、4.0和4.8mm直徑的拉釘，適合一般用途 All of them come with accessories to fit rivets of ∅2.4、3.2、3.6、4.0 or 4.8mm ∅4.8mm是一般12吋拉釘鉗或槍頭的極限，後兩種能安裝更大的拉釘 ∅4.8mm is the max size for plier or adapter while the rivet guns regardless of their power are capable of installing larger rivet 原理一樣，利用槍頭内的三爪索頭咬緊抽芯並拉起，芯尾擠壓拉釘的盲端而澎脹 The principle is same for all these tools. A 3-jaw grabbing device is built inside and keeps moving backward when thrust is exerted 拉釘鉗大多無法在一次夾臂的動作中完成壓接 The locking is usually unable to be completed in just one squeeze with the plier 要鬆開鉗臂再多夾一至二次才能拉斷抽芯，還需要一定的體力 Repeating 1 or 2 more squeezes is necessary. And, strong arms are also needed ......