What is Genetic | Genetic Engineering UPSC | Basic of Genetic | Science and Technology | Part01 скачать в хорошем качестве

What is Genetic | Genetic Engineering UPSC | Basic of Genetic | Science and Technology | Part01

What is “Genetic”? The term genetic relates to genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms. Genes are units of heredity made up of DNA. They carry instructions for traits like eye color, height, disease susceptibility, etc. Genes are located on chromosomes inside the cell nucleus. Key Terms: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) – Genetic material of most organisms. RNA – Helps in protein synthesis. Genome – Complete set of genetic material of an organism. Heredity – Passing of traits from parents to offspring. 👉 The foundation of genetics was laid by Gregor Mendel through his pea plant experiments. 2️⃣ What is Genetic Engineering? Genetic Engineering is a branch of biotechnology that involves direct manipulation or modification of an organism’s DNA using technology. It allows scientists to: Insert new genes Remove unwanted genes Modify existing genes Also called: Genetic modification (GM) Recombinant DNA Technology The development of recombinant DNA technology is credited to Paul Berg. 3️⃣ Basic Steps in Genetic Engineering Identification of gene of interest Isolation of gene Insertion into vector (like plasmid) Transfer into host organism Expression of desired trait Modern gene editing tool: CRISPR-Cas9 – A precise gene-editing technology. 4️⃣ Applications of Genetic Engineering (Important for UPSC) 🩺 Medical Field Production of insulin Gene therapy Vaccines Example: Human insulin production using bacteria 🌾 Agriculture GM crops like: Bt Cotton (India’s first GM crop) Pest resistance Increased yield 🧪 Industrial Applications Enzyme production Biofuels 5️⃣ Ethical & Regulatory Issues (UPSC Angle) Biosafety concerns Environmental impact Ethical debates on designer babies Regulatory bodies in India: GEAC (Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee) 6️⃣ Importance for UPSC This topic is important for: GS Paper III – Science & Technology Prelims – Biotechnology basics Mains – Ethical, agricultural, medical and regulatory aspects