Trisanna Sprung-Much: Sulcal morphology in the human brain and relations to functional processing скачать в хорошем качестве

Trisanna Sprung-Much: Sulcal morphology in the human brain and relations to functional processing

Investigations of sulcal morphology in the human brain and relations to specific aspects of functional processing Classic studies in the late 19th and early 20th centuries demonstrated certain reliable anatomo-functional relationships in the human cerebral cortex. For example, it was established that the primary motor cortex occupies the anterior bank of the central sulcus, while the primary somatosensory cortex occupies the posterior bank (1). Nevertheless, it was widely believed that such strong structure-to-function relations exist only for primary sulci, which are the first to form in utero and which maintain a reliable morphology across individuals. It was thought that the variability in the morphology of sulci in so-called higher cortical regions prevents any attempt to characterize their morphology and relate it to function. The Petrides laboratory has since examined many sulci in these higher cortical regions, such as in the anterior frontal cortex, the posterior parietal cortex, and the temporal cortex. The results of this research has led to the realization that, although variable, these sulci can be reliably identified across individuals. This, in turn, has led to the creation of a detailed map of the sulci of the human cerebral cortex and the naming of many of these sulci for the first time (2). Furthermore, using fMRI, the Petrides laboratory has established anatomo-functional relationships for many of these sulci by conducting analysis at the individual-subject level. The purpose of this presentation is to provide an overview of some of this research. Sprung-Much and Petrides (2018, 2020), for example, characterized the morphology of specific sulci of the inferior frontal gyrus and quantified, for the first time, the spatial variability of these sulci in a standard stereotaxic space(3,4). Segal and Petrides (2013) investigated how the caudal branches of the superior temporal sulcus (STS), which occupy the region of the angular gyrus, relate to functional activation peaks generated during reading-related activity(5). The results demonstrated that these peaks were consistently located between the central and posterior branches of the caudal STS(5). In another study, Huntgeburth and colleagues (2017) examined the relationship between the collateral sulcus that defines the parahippocampal cortex in the medial temporal region and brain activity evoked by navigation information retrieved from a previously established cognitive map(6). It was shown that the sulci that comprise the collateral sulcal complex provide an accurate localization of the activation foci along the parahippocampal cortex in individual subjects and clearly discriminate this activity from the nearby entorhinal cortex and the cortex of the fusiform gyrus(6). The above investigations are examples of valuable studies of cortical morphology that have contributed to the field’s understanding of the structural and functional organization of the human cerebral cortex. 1. Brodmann, K. (1909). Vergleichende Localisationslehre der Grosshirnrinde in ihren Principien Dargestellt auf Grund des Zellenbaues. Leipzig, Barth. 2. Petrides, M. (2012). The human cerebral cortex. An MRI atlas of the sulci and gyri in MNI stereotaxic space. New York, Academic Press. 3. Sprung-Much, T. and Petrides, M. (2020). Morphology and spatial probability maps of the horizontal ascending ramus of the lateral fissure. Cerebral Cortex, 30, 1586-1602. 4. Sprung-Much, T. and Petrides. M. (2018). Morphological patterns and spatial probability maps of two defining sulci of the posterior ventrolateral frontal cortex of the human brain: the sulcus diagonalis and the anterior ascending ramus of the lateral fissure. Brain Structure and Function, 223, 4125-4152. 5. Segal, E. & Petrides, M. (2013). Functional activation during reading in relation to the sulci of the angular gyrus region. European Journal of Neuroscience, 38, 2793-2801. 6. Huntgeburth, S.C. et al. (2017). Local morphology informs location of activation during navigation within the parahippocampal region of the human brain. Brain Structure and Function, 222, 1581-1596.