Chemistry MDCAT / ECAT | Lecture 32 | Alcohols and Phenols | PCTB Insaf Academy скачать в хорошем качестве

Chemistry MDCAT / ECAT | Lecture 32 | Alcohols and Phenols | PCTB Insaf Academy

Welcome to PCTB Insaf Academy’s 32nd lecture on Chemistry MDCAT/ECAT. In this video, we’ll be discussing Alcohols and Phenols and the important topics associated with them. Alcohols are a type of organic compound containing a hydroxyl group (-OH). Alcohols can be classified as primary (1°), secondary (2°) or tertiary (3°) depending on the number of carbon atoms attached to the carbon atom containing the -OH group. The boiling point of alcohols increases as the number of carbon atoms attached to the -OH group increases. Alcohols can be prepared by a variety of methods. One of these methods, the direct hydration of alkenes, involves the addition of water molecules to the double bond of an alkene. Alcohols can also be prepared by the oxidation of aldehydes, ketones and primary alcohols. Reactions of alcohols include oxidation, dehydration, substitution and esterification. Oxidation reactions result in the formation of aldehydes, ketones or carboxylic acids, depending on the initial alcohol and the reaction conditions. Dehydration of alcohols involves the formation of an alkene and an elimination of water using an acid catalyst. Substitution reactions involve the replacement of the hydroxyl group of the alcohol with another group, such as a halogen or an alkyl group. Finally, esterification of alcohols involves the replacement of the hydroxyl group with an acid. We hope you found this lecture on Alcohols and Phenols helpful in your studies. For more video lectures and resources on Chemistry MDCAT/ECAT, visit PCTB Insaf Academy. Thanks for watching! Get Instant & 100% Free Access to Video Lectures & Mock Examinations of PCTB Insaf Academy: https://insafacademy.pctb.pk/ #PCTB #MDCAT #ECAT