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What is microphone sensitivity

Microphone converts the mechanical wave energy into electrical energy. The mechanical energy is the Sound Pressure Level at the diaphragm of the microphone and it is measured in Decibel (dB) or Pascal (Pa). The electrical energy is in the form of output voltage and it is measured in mV or dBV. Therefore, sensitivity is the efficiency of microphone in converting the sound wave into output electrical voltage. The sound pressure level increases when the sound gets louder. So, for same loudness, a higher sensitivity microphone will produce a higher output voltage. Microphone's sensitivity definition - 0:00 Microphone's sensitivity in mV/Pa - 1:07 Sensitivity in dB relative to 1V/Pa - 1:36 Why dB is the sensitivity unit - 3:28 Components of microphone that effect sensitivity - 3:56 Typical sensitivity of various microphones - 4:23 Does higher sensitivity means better audio quality? - 4:52 High output impedance vs sensitivity - 5:45 To learn everything you need to know about microphones, watch my other videos below 👇 👉 Microphone Explained playlist (Technical Descriptions) -    • Microphone Explained   👉 Microphone Polar Pattern Diagrams -    • Microphone Polar Pattern Diagrams   👉 condenser vs shotgun mic -    • condenser vs shotgun mic   👉 What is Microphone Output Impedance -    • What is Microphone Output Impedance   👉 What is max SPL (Maximum Sound Pressure Level) in a microphone -    • What is max SPL (Maximum Sound Pressure Le...   👉 Sound waves, frequencies & human hearing explained -    • Sound waves, frequencies & human hearing e...   👉 What is Signal To Noise ratio (SNR) in a microphone -    • What is Signal To Noise ratio (SNR) in a m...   👉 WHAT IS A CONDENSER MICROPHONE? -    • What Is A Condenser Microphone?   👉 How to place headset microphone to minimize noise -    • How to place headset microphone to minimiz...   👉 How to get rid of vibration coming through on your desktop microphone for cheap -    • How to get rid of vibration coming through...   If you have any questions, please let me know in the comments below 😊 To be able to compare 2 microphones sensitivity, the microphone manufactures use 1 pascal sound pressure with a standard 1 kHz sine wave and then measure the output voltage. In Europe, this output voltage is directly classified as microphone's sensitivity and its unit is mV/Pa. In another words, it shows how much voltage you get for applying 1 pascal sound pressure. Sensitivity is also known as transfer factor. Therefore, I'll use transfer factor to refer to the European sensitivity. In the USA, the sensitivity is a comparison between a hypothetical highly efficient microphone and the transfer factor. The highly efficient microphone is assumed to produce 1 V for 1 Pascal applied pressure. Which is same as 1000 mV/Pa. Therefore, sensitivity in dB relative to 1V/Pa = 20 x log10 (TF/1000) For example, we could my Sennheiser MKE 600 Shotgun microphone transfer factor to calculate the American sensitivity value. If you would look at the spec, you will find two different values. One with P48 phantom powering which gives 21 mV/Pa and a lower transfer factor of 19 mV/Pa with battery power. It shows that the sensitivity changes with input powering. Using 21 mV/Pa and comparing it against the hypothetical transfer factor of 1000 mV/Pa , we get a sensitivity of -33.56 dB. Now, I'll artificially increase the transfer factor of the mic from 21 to 50 mV/Pa and you can see that its sensitivity has increase to -26 dB. Note, the lower the negative value of a number means a higher number! You might be wondering, how we got dB while there was no dB in the equation. This is because, 1 pascal is equal to 94 dB. The complete equation is SPL in dB = 20 times log10 of the ratios of root mean square sound pressure divided by the reference sound pressure. The following components of the microphone affect its sensitivity. 1) The reactiveness of the diaphragm to various sound pressure levels. 2) Microphone type, for example whether it's a dynamic or condenser mic. 3) Amplification of the audio signal within the microphone. The typical sensitivity of various microphones are as follows Dynamic mic and Passive ribbon mic = -60 to -44 dB relative to 1V/Pa (0.5 to 6 mV/Pa) Condenser mic and active ribbon mic = -42 to -30 dB relative to 1V/Pa (8 to 32 mV/Pa) Important to remember that a higher sensitivity doesn't necessary mean a better quality audio. You need to select a mic with a sensitivity that suits your application. For example, if you are recording low volume sound sources, you need a high sensitivity microphone. High output impedance microphones have inherently higher sensitivity. But, as I have mentioned in my video on output impedance, the higher the output impedance, the higher the risk for a worst quality audio, particularly if you're using a long audio cable connection. #BhupinderTube #microphone #tutorial