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Animal Tissue Culture

Arnold in 1880, showed that the leucocytes can divide outside the body. Jolly, 1903, demonstrated that many of the animal tissue explants immersed in serum/ lymph or ascetic fluid can divide in vitro. The term tissue culture may be defined as culture of whole organs or tissue fragments or dispersed cells on a suitable nutrient medium and optimum culture conditions. 1. Cell culture: the individual cells are obtained from spontaneous migration of cells from explants or mechanical or enzymatic disaggregation of tissue explants. These cells are maintained as monolayers or cell suspension during culture. 2. Organ culture: small tissue fragments or whole embryonic organs are cultured in vitro in organ culture and these structures retain these tissue architecture. Organ cultures are of two types a. Oganotypic culture: if the tissue explantsmaintains its original strucuture and function during culture it is called organotypic culture. b. Histotypic culture: the cells of the explants that re-associate to form a new three dimensional structure and are not dependent on source form which these are derived. Such type of culture is called histotypic culture. Another categorization of tissue culture 1. Primary cell culture: cell culture arising directly from differentiated tissue is referred to as primary cell culture. Such cell die oiut after 30 to 50 cell divisions. 2. Cell lines: the progeny cell derived from cells that have become altered from their parental cells such that they acquired a different morphology, grow faster and are able to start a culture from a smaller number of cells. The progeny derived from such exceptional cells have unlimited life. These are designated as cell lines. The cultivation of mammalian cells from a tissue begi