Congress of Berlin 1878 скачать в хорошем качестве

Congress of Berlin 1878

The Congress of Berlin (1878) – How It Shaped Europe & Led to WWI The Ottoman Empire was once a global powerhouse, but by the late 19th century, it was crumbling. Nationalist uprisings and wars, like the Serbian Uprising (1817), Greek War of Independence (1820s), and Bulgarian Uprising (1876), weakened Ottoman control over the Balkans. Seeing an opportunity, Russia declared war in 1877, leading to the Treaty of San Stefano, which granted independence to Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro, and Romania—but this alarmed Britain and Austria-Hungary. Fearing Russian dominance in the Balkans, European powers convened the Congress of Berlin (1878), led by Otto von Bismarck. The result? The Treaty of Berlin drastically reduced Bulgaria’s size, granted Austria-Hungary control over Bosnia, and gave Britain Cyprus, while Russia was left humiliated. This diplomatic maneuvering set off a chain reaction of nationalist tensions, ultimately leading to World War I. In this video, we break down: How the Ottoman Empire lost its dominance Russia’s ambitions and the rise of Pan-Slavism Why Britain and Austria-Hungary feared Russian expansion The key players at the Congress of Berlin How the *Bosnian Crisis* and Serbian nationalism led to WWI