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Comparing Types of Fertilizer Options Professor DeBacco Guaranteed Analysis All fertilizer labels have three distinctive numbers displayed which is the guaranteed analysis. Three numbers represent the primary nutrients and are presented in this consistent order… Nitrogen(N) - Phosphorus(P) - Potassium(K) This allows the nutrient ratios to be compared Specifically the forms of each that the plant can uptake… First number is the amount of nitrogen (N) Second number is the amount of phosphate (P2O5) To get the actual amount of P take the P2O5 and * 0.44 = P Third number is the amount of potash (K2O) These nutrients are supplemental and may be of value under special conditions. Specialized Fertilizers Fertilizers contain only one of each of the primary nutrients. Nitrogen sources… Ammonium nitrate (33.5-0-0) Urea nitrogen (46-0-0) Sodium nitrate (16-0-0) Liquid nitrogen (30-0-0). Phosphorus source Super Triple Phos (0-46-0) Potash/Potassium sources Potassium chloride (0-0-60) Potassium sulfate (0-0-50) Water Soluble and Insoluble Nitrogen Forms Labels will also often state how much of the total N is water insoluble nitrogen, which is slowly released for use over a long period of time (several weeks, months or years) as opposed to quickly available water soluble nitrogen. Typically fertilizers will contain a combination of both forms of nitrogen Quickly available water soluble forms provide quick results (only days) after application. Word of caution with the water soluble forms as these have higher odds of plant damage if applied to concentrated. The slower release forms often have a coating or other mechanisms to slow the release, so often these forms have an additional expense associated with them. Fertilizer Ratio The ratio of a fertilizer is the relationship between the N – P - K content of a fertilizer. Solid Fertilizers Granulated fertilizer- Known for their good handling properties to help allow for even distribution. This form tends not to cake or form fine dust which can make application challenging. Blended fertilizer- Is the result of a combination of single element (compound) fertilizers to achieve a certain ratio or blend that is created to match the results of a soil test. However, this can cause there to be a size and color differences between the different types of fertilizer which can lead to uneven applications This type of fertilizer does help ensure the resulting field is fertilized with the nutrients in the needed ratios which reduces the potential for over application of one nutrient. Liquid Fertilizer Clear Solutions: These have the nutrients completely dissolved in water to make the handling very easy for the applicator. However, typically these are only available in relatively low concentrations of nutrients. Suspension Fertilizers: While these are suspension solutions they have higher nutrient concentrations and can be used as a regular fluid. However, these types of fertilizers require repeated agitation both while in storage and even during application Gaseous Fertilizers Used only in limited applications due to the special handling and safety precautions needed when using. Anhydrous ammonia is a great nitrogen fertilizer that is a common gaseous fertilizer, that must be injected into the soil (with limited rocks) to prevent the gas from escaping. Often these have variable properties so each must be evaluated independently. Key properties to consider are.. Solubility- how well do the nutrients dissolve in water Particle size- This can relate to simply application method, but also speed of availability to the plant, with smaller particles being quicker to become plant available compared to larger particles. Soluble Salts High salts can cause damage to plants, but if fertilizer applications are evenly distributed and amounts follow the guidance of a soil test the odds are low of plant damage. However, concentrated applications placed near germinating seeds can increase the odds of damage, especially if applied in a band (line). Note: This can happen with organic fertilizers such as manure. Salt Index Know the salt index of the fertilizer you intend on using. Fertilizer Grades Manufacturers produce different grades for the many types of plants. Granular: Often used for large field applications due to the (typical) lowest cost but particle size will be the largest and most variable. Generally ~22mm Mini-Granular: Highly uniform medium sized particles Generally ~14mm Greens-Grade: Micro sized particles commonly used on the greens of golf courses Generally ~9mm Soluble: Quickly dissolves making a liquid fertilizer solution Link to Lecture Slides: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cGCt... *Due to the description character limit the full work cited for "Comparing Types of Fertilizer Options" can be viewed at... https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Yapq...