Prognostic Factors Evaluation, Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Nephropathy, Glomerulonephritis: Causes, Diagn скачать в хорошем качестве

Prognostic Factors Evaluation, Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Nephropathy, Glomerulonephritis: Causes, Diagn

A 30-year-old pregnant woman, previously diagnosed with primary IgA nephropathy and a history of medullary sponge kidney, presents for nephrology and maternal-fetal medicine counseling. She reports mild symptoms, and labs reveal persistent proteinuria with stable renal function. What clinical features and risk factors must be considered in counseling this patient about kidney-protective strategies during pregnancy? How would you approach management in this setting? VIDEO INFO Category: Prognostic Factors Evaluation, Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Nephropathy, Glomerulonephritis: Causes, Diagnosis, and Management, Nephrology: Kidney Disease Diagnosis and Management Difficulty: Hard - Advanced level - Challenges experienced practitioners Question Type: Contraindications Case Type: Pregnant Patient Explore more ways to learn on this and other topics by going to https://endlessmedical.academy/auth?h... QUESTION A 30-year-old gravida 1 para 0 at 14 weeks gestation presents to a combined nephrology-maternal-fetal medicine clinic for pregnancy counseling in the setting of biopsy-proven primary IgA nephropathy diagnosed 2 years ago after episodes of synpharyngitic hematuria. She had discontinued telmisartan and dapagliflozin during preconception planning.... OPTIONS A. Initiating an ACE inhibitor such as enalapril 10 mg by mouth twice daily to reduce proteinuria and preserve eGFR, because renin-angiotensin system inhibitors are contraindicated in pregnancy and should be stopped within 2 working days of pregnancy recognition. B. Starting labetalol 200 mg by mouth twice daily for blood-pressure control with goal less than 135/85 mm Hg during pregnancy, as needed, recognizing beta-blockers like labetalol are commonly used and compatible with pregnancy. C. Beginning low-dose aspirin 81 mg by mouth nightly from 12 through 36 weeks gestation for preeclampsia risk reduction given chronic kidney disease as a high-risk factor, with shared decision-making. D. Using nifedipine extended-release 30 mg by mouth daily if antihypertensive therapy is required later in gestation to maintain pregnancy-appropriate targets while avoiding RAS blockade. CORRECT ANSWER A. Initiating an ACE inhibitor such as enalapril 10 mg by mouth twice daily to reduce proteinuria and preserve eGFR, because renin-angiotensin system inhibitors are contraindicated in pregnancy and should be stopped within 2 working days of pregnancy recognition. EXPLANATION "Initiating an ACE inhibitor such as enalapril 10 mg by mouth twice daily to reduce proteinuria and preserve eGFR, because renin-angiotensin system inhibitors are contraindicated in pregnancy and should be stopped within 2 working days of pregnancy recognition." This is correct because ACE inhibitors and ARBs are fetotoxic across pregnancy and are contraindicated. Upon recognition of pregnancy, RAS blockade should be discontinued immediately (NICE communicates within 2 working days ); continuing or initiating enalapril 10 mg by mouth twice daily risks fetal renal dysgenesis, oligohydramnios, skull hypoplasia, and neonatal renal failure. In women with IgA nephropathy and sub-nephrotic proteinuria early in pregnancy, supportive therapy with pregnancy-compatible antihypertensives and low-dose aspirin is preferred, reserving disease-modifying agents for non-pregnant states unless life-threatening disease dictates otherwise. The other options are not contraindicated here. Labetalol 200 mg by mouth twice daily is widely used for blood-pressure control in pregnancy when needed.... Further reading: Links to sources are provided for optional further reading only. The questions and explanations are independently authored and do not reproduce or adapt any specific third-party text or content. --------------------------------------------------- Our cases and questions come from the https://EndlessMedical.Academy quiz engine - multi-model platform. Each question and explanation is forged by consensus between multiple top AI models (i.e. Open AI GPT, Claude, Grok, etc.), with automated web searches for the latest research and verified references. Calculations (e.g. eGFR, dosages) are checked via code execution to eliminate errors, and all references are reviewed by several AIs to minimize hallucinations. Important note: This material is entirely AI-generated and has not been verified by human experts; despite stringent consensus checks, perfect accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Exercise caution - always corroborate the content with trusted references or qualified professionals, and never apply information from this content to patient care or clinical decisions without independent verification. Clinicians already rely on AI and online tools - myself included - so treat this content as an additional focused aid, not a replacement for proper medical education. Visit https://endlessmedical.academy for more AI-supported resources and cases. This material can not be treated as medical advice. May conta