Ankle and Foot Joints, Ligaments and Tendons | Anatomy скачать в хорошем качестве

Ankle and Foot Joints, Ligaments and Tendons | Anatomy

This lecture explores the anatomy of ankle and foot joints, ligaments, and tendons using detailed illustrations and MRI correlations from Netter’s Concise Orthopaedic Anatomy. We begin with the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis, which stabilizes the ankle mortise. It includes the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL), posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (PITFL), inferior transverse ligament, and interosseous ligament. Injury here is known as a high ankle sprain. The lateral ligament complex is the most common site of ankle sprain injuries: ATFL (anterior talofibular ligament) – most frequently torn. CFL (calcaneofibular ligament) – stabilizes against inversion. PTFL (posterior talofibular ligament) – provides posterior talar stability. On the medial side, the deltoid ligament provides strong resistance against eversion. It includes the tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, anterior and posterior tibiotalar ligaments, divided into superficial and deep parts. The subtalar joint (talocalcaneal) allows inversion and eversion, stabilized by the cervical and interosseous ligaments. The transverse tarsal joint (Chopart joint) includes the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints, critical for gait adaptability. The Lisfranc joint (tarsometatarsal joint) acts as the keystone of the transverse arch. Injury here causes midfoot instability and requires careful evaluation. We also review the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints and interphalangeal (IP) joints, supported by collateral ligaments and plantar plates, essential for toe stability and push-off. The plantar side of the foot shows the long plantar ligament, short plantar ligament, spring ligament (calcaneonavicular), bifurcate ligament, and deep transverse metatarsal ligaments — all of which maintain the arches of the foot. Finally, we examine key tendons: peroneus longus and brevis, tibialis anterior and posterior, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, extensor tendons, and the Achilles tendon. MRI views (axial, coronal, sagittal) show these ligaments and tendons in detail, aiding diagnosis of sprains, tears, and chronic instability.