Hirschsprung’s Disease: Etiology, Symptoms, Extent of disease, Diagnosis, Treatment: Surgery скачать в хорошем качестве

Hirschsprung’s Disease: Etiology, Symptoms, Extent of disease, Diagnosis, Treatment: Surgery

📌 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦:-   / drgbhanuprakash   📌𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻 𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗲:- https://t.me/bhanuprakashdr 📌𝗦𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗯𝗲 𝗧𝗼 𝗠𝘆 𝗠𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁:- https://linktr.ee/DrGBhanuprakash Hirschsprung’s Disease Etiology, Symptoms, Extent of disease, Diagnosis, Treatment: Surgery ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Etiology (Causes) - Etiology refers to the origin or cause of a disease. Understanding the cause is critical in surgery to choose the appropriate intervention. Causes can be: Infections (e.g., appendicitis, diverticulitis) Trauma (e.g., fractures, head injuries) Neoplasms (e.g., benign or malignant tumors such as colon cancer, breast cancer) Congenital anomalies (e.g., congenital hernias, pyloric stenosis) Degenerative diseases (e.g., osteoarthritis, disc herniations) Vascular causes (e.g., aneurysms, ischemia leading to gangrene) Inflammatory causes (e.g., Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis) 🔍 Symptoms - Pain: This is the most common symptom across many surgical conditions (e.g., abdominal pain in appendicitis, chest pain in angina or aortic dissection). Swelling or Mass: Seen in tumors, hernias, or abscesses. Fever: Suggestive of infection or inflammation (e.g., cholecystitis, sepsis). Bleeding: Either internal (e.g., gastrointestinal bleeding, ruptured aneurysm) or external (e.g., traumatic injuries). Functional Loss: This includes inability to move (e.g., fracture, nerve injury), difficulty breathing (e.g., pneumothorax), or loss of bowel/bladder control. Signs of Infection: Redness, warmth, pus drainage in wound infections. Extent of Disease - Localized Disease: For example, early-stage cancer or isolated fractures. These often have better surgical outcomes. Regional Spread: For example, regional lymph node involvement in cancers. Metastatic Disease: Cancer spread to distant organs may require palliative surgery or a combination of therapies (chemo, radiation). Multisystem Involvement: Trauma or sepsis affecting multiple organs often requires complex, multi-step surgical intervention. Chronicity: Some diseases progress slowly (chronic appendicitis), while others (like trauma) require immediate intervention.📊 Diagnosis - Diagnosis combines clinical evaluation and investigations to confirm the disease before surgery: History and Physical Examination: A detailed history (onset, duration, nature of symptoms) is often the first step. Physical signs (e.g., tenderness, swelling, pulsatile masses) help guide the next steps. Laboratory Tests: Blood tests (e.g., complete blood count, markers of infection/inflammation, tumor markers like CEA for colon cancer). Urinalysis (e.g., for urolithiasis, hematuria in bladder cancer). Imaging: Ultrasound: Quick and non-invasive for gallbladder disease, pregnancy complications, etc. CT Scan/MRI: Useful for detailed anatomy in trauma, cancers, abscesses, and vascular conditions like aneurysms. X-rays: Crucial for fractures, chest pathology (e.g., pneumothorax). Endoscopy/Colonoscopy: Direct visualization of the gastrointestinal tract for ulcers, tumors, polyps. Biopsy: Biopsy is necessary for definitive diagnosis in most tumors and helps guide further treatment decisions, especially in oncology. 🩺 Treatment (Surgical Management) - Once diagnosed, treatment options are considered. Surgery can be either curative (removing the cause) or palliative (alleviating symptoms without curing the disease). Common Surgical Treatments: Resection: Partial or Total Resection: In conditions like cancer (e.g., colectomy for colon cancer, mastectomy for breast cancer) or infected organs (e.g., cholecystectomy for gallbladder disease). Excision of Tumors: Benign or malignant tumors (e.g., lumpectomy, nephrectomy). Repair: Hernia Repair: Closing defects in the abdominal wall. Vascular Repair: For aneurysms or stenoses (e.g., carotid endarterectomy). Bone Fracture Fixation: Using rods, plates, or screws. Debridement: Removal of necrotic or infected tissue in wounds, burns, or gangrene. Transplantation: Organ transplantation (e.g., liver, kidney) for end-stage organ failure. Minimally Invasive Surgery: Laparoscopic Surgery: For appendicitis, gallbladder removal, and some hernias. Robotic-Assisted Surgery: Increasingly used for precision in complex surgeries like prostatectomy. Drainage: Draining abscesses or fluid collections (e.g., percutaneous abscess drainage). Emergency Surgeries: Exploratory Laparotomy: To determine the cause of acute abdominal pain (e.g., bowel perforation). Craniotomy: In traumatic brain injuries.🛠️ #medicalanimations #fmge #fmgevideos #rapidrevisionfmge #fmge2024 #mbbslectures #nationalexitexam #nationalexittest #neetpg #usmlepreparation #usmlestep1 #fmge #usmle #drgbhanuprakash #medicalstudents #medicalstudent #medicalcollege #neetpg2025 #usmleprep #usmlevideos #usmlestep1videos #medicalstudents #neetpgvideos #usmlestep2videos