Why are periods starting earlier than they used to? скачать в хорошем качестве

Why are periods starting earlier than they used to?

Over the last 150 years, there has been a global decline in the average age of menarche–the first occurrence of a menstrual period. For instance, in the 1840’s, the average age of menarche in Western countries was 16 and by the 2000s, the average reached 12.5. This secular trend has resulted in the age of menarche approaching its biological limit and has been linked to poor health outcomes like breast cancer, diabetes, heart disease and mental illnesses. In this video, we aim to investigate what factors may have led to this downwards trend using biological, environmental and social perspectives. This video will cover the following topics: Intro to Menarche: 0:00 - 0:42 Why this is a Problem: 00:42 - 1:24 Biological Factors: 1:24 - 2:14 Environmental Factors: 2:14 - 3:23 Social Factors: 3:23 - 3:47 Conclusion: 3:47 - 4:25 This video was made by McMaster University students Khushi Shah, Maram Jaber, Tisha Parikh, and Alison Slade, in collaboration with the Demystifying Research McMaster Program. This video is for general and educational purposes. Please contact your healthcare provider for information about your health. Copyright McMaster University 2023. #menarche #period #menstruation References Ainy, A., Mehrabi, Y., & Azizi, F. (2006). Comparison of menarche age between two generations of women (Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study). Journal of Inflammatory Diseases, 10(2), 36-40. http://journal.qums.ac.ir/article-1-1... Anderson, S. E., Dallal, G. E., & Must, A. (2003). Relative weight and race influence average age at menarche: results from two nationally representative surveys of US girls studied 25 years apart. Pediatrics, 111(4), 844-850. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.111.4.844 Canelón, S. P., & Boland, M. R. (2020). A Systematic Literature Review of Factors Affecting the Timing of Menarche: The Potential for Climate Change to Impact Women’s Health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1703. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051703 Chumlea, W. C., Schubert, C. M., Roche, A. F., Kulin, H. E., Lee, P. A., Himes, J. H., & Sun, S. S. (2003). Age at menarche and racial comparisons in US girls. Pediatrics, 111(1), 110-113. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.111.1.110 Dougherty, M. J. (1998, June 29). Why are we getting taller as a species? Scientific American. Retrieved November 7, 2022, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/ar... Dvornyk, V. (2012). Genetics of age at menarche: a systematic review. Human Reproduction Update, 18(2), 198-210. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmr050 Flaws, J. A., Sharara, F. I., Silbergeld, E. K., Hirshfield, A. N. (2000). 50 - Environmental exposures and women's reproductive health. In M. B. Goldman & M. C. Hatch (Eds.), Women and health (pp. 625 - 633), Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-01228814.... Herman-Giddens, M. E., Slora, E. J., Wasserman, R. C., Bourdony, C. J., Bhapkar, M. V., Koch, G. G., & Hasemeier, C. M. (1997). Secondary sexual characteristics and menses in young girls seen in office practice: a study from the Pediatric Research in Office Settings network. Pediatrics, 99(4), 505-512. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.99.4.505 Kalmpourtzidou, A., Eilander, A., & Talsma, E. F. (2020). Global Vegetable Intake and Supply Compared to Recommendations: A Systematic Review. Nutrients, 12(6), 1558. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061558 Karapanou, O., & Papadimitriou, A. (2010). Determinants of menarche. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 8(1), 115. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-8-115 Nicolucci, A., & Maffeis, C. (2022). The adolescent with obesity: What perspectives for treatment? Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 48(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-022-01... Ramezani Tehrani, F., Mirmiran, P., Gholami, R., Moslehi, N., & Azizi, F. (2014). Factors influencing menarcheal age: results from the cohort of tehran lipid and glucose study. International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 12(3), e16130.