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Vibrio

Subscribe for more step 1 content and visit Ivytutoring.net for tutoring. --- Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, primarily affects the intestines. Its core mechanism of action involves the production of cholera toxin (CT), an AB-type exotoxin. The B subunit binds to the GM1 ganglioside receptors on intestinal epithelial cells, facilitating the entry of the A subunit into the cell. Once inside, the A subunit activates adenylate cyclase, leading to increased levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP). Elevated cAMP causes the secretion of electrolytes (especially chloride ions) and water into the intestinal lumen, resulting in massive, watery diarrhea. This loss of fluid and electrolytes can lead to severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, which are life-threatening if not promptly treated. Understanding this mechanism is crucial for grasping the pathophysiology of cholera and its clinical implications. #USMLE #Step1 #Vibrio #MedicalSchool #MedStudent