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This video is one of a series. The series playlist can be found, here: • Permaculture Q&A's From Quarantine Below is a summary of 1) the topics addressed by each question and a timestamp; 2) Below each question summary are key takeaways from Geoff’s answer. Q1: A video to show the importance of permaculture as international policy 0:25 The more who engage in producing our own needs, the less people rely on unnecessary production/consumption, reducing the pressure put on the environment. If enough of us illustrate this, the policymakers will have to implement it. Q2: How to future proof a property in New Zealand once Douglas fir are removed and the hillside/slope is barren 2:35 The tree roots will still be in the ground and the stumps cut off low, providing temporary stability. A wood chipper to handle the tops and branches can put them back onto the slopes for rehabilitation, or the branches and small logs can be positioned in long, contour windrows. Those windrows can be planted with diversity, including native and useful species. It may be too steep for earthworks, and the tree roots would be in the way anyhow. Q3: How to begin the physical learning necessary for practicing permaculture 8:03 One of the best things to do is volunteer. Sites can be found via Google or Permaculture Global. You give free labor, but you are paid with experience. Find people doing things you admire and be patient with different communicative styles. Q4: Where to start practice permaculture (which country is most cooperative) 10:25 Most governments are not. But, there are projects in Belgium (where the question is from). Bill Mollison suggested the more restrictions, the better the design. Inspectors, planners, and boards force you to think through your design. Q5: Permaculture’s role in reshaping the world during and after COVID-19 13:25 COVID-19 has made us communicate more efficiently. Online education is great, and with online initiatives at a local level, we can make change. We could share our successes/failures and speed up the progression of introducing permaculture worldwide. Q6: Plants that accumulate nutrients and are good for the soil 15:00 There are some good books from Rodale Press. You generally want to look at some basic characteristics. Plants with really deep taproots that are hard to pull out function to uncompact the soil. Loose soil tends to get plants with hairnet roots meant to hold the soil in place. Soil that’s been continually harvested without returned nutrients will spur on nitrogen-fixing, little peas and beans. The plants are indicators of what is needed, not the cause of the problem. They are working to repair the land. Q7: Visiting Chaing Mai, Thailand 23:35 A permaculture project in Chaing Mai booked Geoff two years in advance to teach their first PDC course. It’s the only time he’s been, and he liked it, particularly the pinto peanut. Q8: An easy way to dig manually (no tractor) in soils full of stones and hard clay 24:35 Stones can be piled up as rock walls on contour and backfilled with earth. With hard clay, it might be a matter of digging it at the right time, when it’s damp. Added soil or straw bales on contour can work similarly. Add appropriate fast-growing legume trees that can work as pioneers, sending roots down to break up the soil. Gypsum can also help to loosen the clay. Q9: Where permaculture and hydroponics overlap 27:15 Hydroponics and aquaponics don’t really factor in permaculture. They often fail because there is so much hard infrastructure and no soil creation. Plus, they require electric and feed inputs. There are outdoor intense aquaculture systems that are similar, but they don’t have the hard infrastructure hydroponics and aquaponics. Q10: Trees and plants that would add to the health of a pond 31:45 Clumping bamboos are good because they are edible and otherwise useful. Willows are also wonderful plants with no taproots to compromise the dam wall. They’ll actually help keep the wall together. Palms could also work. On the backside of the dam, you can grow just about anything. Q11: Adapting regenerative agriculture to small-scale subsistence farming 37:10 Industrial agriculture is one of the most dangerous activities we’ve done. Smaller sizes are more productive and more valuable to the local community. It’s easier to start small and get larger, selecting how to extend based on what’s successful. Support us in making more films by: ► Signing up to our newsletter and the Permaculture Circle—my curated collection of 100+ free videos: https://start.geofflawtononline.com/p... ► Liking us on Facebook: / geofflawtononline ► Following us on Instagram: / geofflawtononline ► Subscribing to our Youtube channel: / @discoverpermaculture #permaculture #permaculturedesign #permacultureqanda