Autoimmune Disorders of the Biliary Tree | USMLE Step 2 CK | Internal Medicine High-Yield Hepatology скачать в хорошем качестве

Autoimmune Disorders of the Biliary Tree | USMLE Step 2 CK | Internal Medicine High-Yield Hepatology

📌𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻 𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗲:- https://t.me/conceptualmedicine 📌 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦:- https://www.instagram.com/conceptual_... Autoimmune Disorders of the Biliary Tree | USMLE Step 2 CK | Internal Medicine High-Yield Hepatology This high-yield hepatology lecture for USMLE Step 2 CK focuses on the two major autoimmune diseases affecting the biliary tree — Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC). These chronic cholestatic conditions involve immune-mediated damage to the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts and are frequently tested in clinical vignettes involving abnormal liver function tests, fatigue, pruritus, or associations with other autoimmune or gastrointestinal diseases. Understanding the clinical features, lab findings, imaging patterns, and treatment options is critical for both exam success and real-world diagnosis. Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by destruction of intrahepatic small bile ducts, typically seen in middle-aged women. Patients may present with fatigue, pruritus, right upper quadrant discomfort, and signs of cholestasis. Lab tests show elevated alkaline phosphatase, positive anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA), and elevated IgM. Histology reveals nonsuppurative cholangitis with lymphocytic infiltration and granulomas. Treatment includes ursodeoxycholic acid, which slows progression, and in advanced cases, liver transplantation may be necessary. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) is a progressive inflammatory disease that affects both intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, often associated with ulcerative colitis and other inflammatory bowel diseases. It is more common in young to middle-aged men, and patients may present with jaundice, pruritus, fatigue, and recurrent episodes of cholangitis. Labs reveal elevated alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin, but AMA is typically negative. Diagnosis is confirmed via MRCP or ERCP, which show multifocal strictures and dilations ("beading appearance"). PSC is a major risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma and colorectal cancer in IBD patients. There is no curative medical therapy; management is supportive, and liver transplantation is the definitive treatment in advanced cases. Throughout this lecture, we discuss how to differentiate PBC from PSC based on gender, clinical presentation, antibody profiles, and radiological findings, and how to approach management in patients presenting with cholestatic liver enzyme patterns. These disorders frequently appear in Step 2 CK scenarios, and recognizing subtle differences is crucial for choosing the correct answer and next step in management. #AutoimmuneLiverDisease #PrimaryBiliaryCholangitis #PrimarySclerosingCholangitis #USMLEStep2CK #Hepatology #Cholestasis #AutoimmuneDisorders #MRCP #LiverTransplantation #InternalMedicineCore #HighYieldMedicine #Step2Review #AMA #IBDAssociation #Cholangiocarcinoma #BiliaryTreeDisorders #USMLEBuzzwords #MedicalEducationUSA #DrGBhanuPrakash #USMLE2025 #WhiteboardMedicine #FatigueAndPruritus #LFTPatterns #CholestaticJaundice #ConceptualMedicine #MedicalConcepts #NEETPGPrep #FMGE2025 #USMLE2025 #ClinicalMedicine #MBBSConcepts #NextExamPrep #MedSchoolMadeEasy #MedStudentLife #HighYieldMedicine #PathophysiologySimplified #LearnMedicineFast #VisualMedicine #MedicalMnemonics #CrackNEETPG #USMLEStep1Prep #MedEducationRevolution #MBBSShorts #DoctorInTheMaking