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Plant secondary metabolites are organic compounds produced by plants that are not directly involved in their growth, development, or reproduction. Unlike primary metabolites (such as sugars, amino acids, and nucleotides, which are essential for survival), secondary metabolites serve various ecological functions, helping plants interact with their environment. They are categorized into three major groups: alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolics. *Importance of Plant Secondary Metabolites:* *Defense Mechanisms:* Many secondary metabolites act as natural pesticides, protecting plants from herbivores, pathogens, and environmental stressors. *Pollination & Seed Dispersal:* They play a crucial role in attracting pollinators and seed dispersers through their vibrant colors, fragrances, and flavors. *Medicinal Uses:* Many plant-derived secondary metabolites are valuable in medicine, serving as antibiotics, anticancer agents, and pain relievers (e.g., morphine, quinine, and taxol). *Industrial & Commercial Applications:* They contribute to the production of perfumes, dyes, flavors, and other industrial products. *Ecological Balance:* These compounds help regulate plant population dynamics and interactions within ecosystems. Essentially, secondary metabolites are nature’s way of ensuring plants survive and thrive while also benefiting humans and the environment. Let me know if you'd like more specific examples!