Göbekli Tepe: How a 12,000-Year-Old Complex Changed Everything We Know About Civilization скачать в хорошем качестве

Göbekli Tepe: How a 12,000-Year-Old Complex Changed Everything We Know About Civilization

In 1994, a shepherd in southeastern Turkey discovered carved stones protruding from the ground. What followed was one of the most significant archaeological discoveries of the century: Göbekli Tepe, a 12,000-year-old temple complex that challenges everything we thought we knew about the origins of civilization. Built around 9600 BCE by hunter-gatherers using only Stone Age tools, Göbekli Tepe predates Stonehenge by 6,000 years, the pyramids by 7,000 years, and the invention of pottery, writing, and the wheel. The site features massive T-shaped pillars weighing up to 10 tons, arranged in circular enclosures and carved with intricate depictions of wild animals. For decades, the standard model held that agriculture enabled everything else: settlement, surplus, complex society, and monumental architecture. Göbekli Tepe proves this sequence is incomplete. Here we have monumental religious architecture built before agriculture, before permanent villages. The temple came before the city. The information presented is based on established academic sources, and accounts. If you have any questions or disagreements, please leave a comment or reach out via email. On our channel, as in science, debate is strongly encouraged. *Sources & Further Reading* Schmidt, Klaus (2012). Göbekli Tepe: A Stone Age Sanctuary in South-Eastern Anatolia. Berlin: Ex Oriente. Dietrich, Oliver, Heun, Manfred, Notroff, Jens, Schmidt, Klaus, & Zarnkow, Martin (2012). "The Role of Cult and Feasting in the Emergence of Neolithic Communities: New Evidence from Göbekli Tepe, South-Eastern Turkey." Antiquity 86 (333): 674–695. Clare, Lee, Kinzel, Moritz, & Çelik, Bahattin (2020). "Göbekli Tepe." In The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Death and Burial, edited by Sarah Tarlow & Liv Nilsson Stutz. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Banning, E. B. (2011). "So Fair a House: Göbekli Tepe and the Identification of Temples in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of the Near East." Current Anthropology 52 (5): 619–660. Peters, Joris & Schmidt, Klaus (2004). "Animals in the Symbolic World of Pre-Pottery Neolithic Göbekli Tepe, South-Eastern Turkey: A Preliminary Assessment." Anthropozoologica 39 (1): 179–218. Notroff, Jens, Dietrich, Oliver, & Schmidt, Klaus (2016). "Building Monuments, Creating Communities: Early Monumental Architecture at Pre-Pottery Neolithic Göbekli Tepe." In Transitions in the Ancient Near East, edited by J. Becker, M. Heinz, & A.-L. Mouton. Lyon: Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée. Sweatman, Martin B. & Tsikritsis, Dimitrios (2017). "Decoding Göbekli Tepe with Ancient Astronomy." Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry 17 (1): 233–250. Support the Channel: 👍 Like this narration if you found it valuable. 🔔 Subscribe for more deep dives into the ancient world. ↗︎ Share with a fellow history enthusiast. For professional inquiries, please contact: ConceptsMediaHQ@gmail.com Image credits: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1U... Disclaimer: This video is for educational purposes and commentary. Content may include media used under license, from the public domain, or in accordance with the "Fair Use" doctrine (Section 107 of the Copyright Act) for purposes of criticism, comment, research, and education. All efforts are made to provide proper attribution. For any credit or removal requests, please contact us via email. HASHTAGS #GobekliTepe #AncientHistory #archaeology