Balaclava. What is hidden from tourists скачать в хорошем качестве

Balaclava. What is hidden from tourists

Balaclava. What is hidden from tourists On the southern coast of the Crimean peninsula, 15 km from Sevastopol, between the Fiolent and Aya capes, there is one of the oldest Crimean settlements - Balaklava, with its unique Balaklava bay, which juts out into the rocky shores with a narrow ribbon and is separated from the sea by a narrow passage with several turns, which makes it completely invisible from the open sea Legends said that for the ancient sailors, when they entered the bay, the mountains were moved apart by the behest of the gods. It is even assumed that Balaklava was the port of the Listrigones of Lamos, according to the ancient Greek mythology of the man-eating giants that Odysseus and his companions encountered during their wanderings. The ancient Greeks called Balaklava "Syumbolon limne" - "The bay of symbols, omens". Since the XIV century, these places have become a colony of the Genoese, who erected a powerful fortress Chembalo, the remains of which have survived on the shores of the Balaklava Bay, and their colony began to be called Chembalo. In 1475 it was captured by the Turks, renaming it Balyk-Yuve - "Fish's Nest", which was later transformed into "Balaklava". In 1774, according to the Kuchuk-Kainardzhi world, the Turks left Balaklava, After the transition of Crimea to the Russian imperial crown, ships of the Black Sea Fleet began to periodically base in Balaklava Bay. To protect the Crimean coast from Turkish landings, the Balaklava Greek infantry battalion, formed from emigrants, participants in anti-Ottoman uprisings on the islands of the Aegean Sea, was deployed since 1776. In 1787, Balaklava was visited by Catherine II, who, according to the plan of Grigory Potemkin, was met by a horse detachment of "Amazons" of 100 Balaklava Greek women. During the Crimean War, Balaklava became the main base of the British troops. During the Crimean War, the British, apparently intending to settle for a long time in these parts, built the first railway in the Crimea, built an embankment in Balaklava, which is the main street of the city. As the legend says, the soldiers of the English army were so cold in this Crimean city that they came up with a knitted hat (with a slit only for the eyes) with the same name - "Balaklava". The winter of 1854-1855 was very cold, and most of the British troops did not receive winter uniforms in time, as they were on the English steamer Prince, which sank off the coast of Balaklava during a severe storm. Then Balaklava remained a provincial town for decades and only at the end of the 19th century became a popular resort. The dachas of princes Yusupov and Gagarin, Count Naryshkin, the villa of Prince Apraksin and others were built, in 1888 a mud bath was opened. The famous Russian writer A.I. Kuprin liked to visit here, who even bought a land plot in Balaklava and was going to settle down forever. Monument to A.I. Kuprin is now standing on the embankment of the city. Since 1924, Balaklava became the base for EPRON (Special Purpose Underwater Expedition), created to search for the English steamer "Prince", which allegedly contained gold. The steamer sank off the coast of Balaklava during the Crimean War. But in the 50s of the last century, Balaklava became a closed city and disappeared from the geographical maps of that time, and entry into the city even for the residents of Sevastopol (the administrative part of which was Balaklava) became possible only with passes through checkpoints. And the reason for this was the Balaklava Bay and the surrounding mountains, in one of which is Mount Tavros, on the western coast of the Balaklava Bay, and a unique underground Object was built. It was the first underground naval base in the USSR for sheltering, repairing and maintaining submarines, reliably protected from the effects of nuclear weapons. It was built in compliance with extreme secrecy measures and was used for its intended purpose until the beginning of the 90s, that is, before the collapse of the USSR. At that time, the 155th separate Constance Order of Ushakov's submarine brigade of the Black Sea Fleet was based in Balaklava. In 1967, she became part of the 14th submarine division of the Black Sea Fleet. In June 1952, the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopted a Resolution on the construction of an underground facility on the western shore of the Balaklava Bay, in Mount Tavros. For the construction of the Object, which was named "Object 825 GTS" (GTS - hydrotechnical structure), a Special Construction Department No. 528 was created. Construction was carried out around the clock with five faces, by drilling and blasting. Pits were drilled from the earth's surface. An explosive charge was placed in them, destroying the rock at the desired depth. The soil was taken out, and a concrete formwork was built inside the formed adit. The extraction of rock only from the adit in which the canal passes was over 200 thousand ..