Εar tympanic membrane retraction (TMR) combined with Patulous Eustachian tube (PET) dysfunction скачать в хорошем качестве

Εar tympanic membrane retraction (TMR) combined with Patulous Eustachian tube (PET) dysfunction

In this case we see the otoscopic video of a patient with grade II tympanic membrane retraction. Grade II retraction in the Sade Classification means that the TM is in contact with the Incus but not in contact with the promontory. This condition usually occurs because of eustachian tube dysfunction for a long period of time, especially in young ages. The negative pressure on the middle ear causes an inward distortion (retraction) and a weakening of the TM. Complications, include conductive hearing loss, erosion of the ossicles and cholesteatoma. TMR are usually classified after the Sade classification of 1993. In this case, the patient has TMR combined with permanent opening of the eustachian tube, which is normally closed. This condition is called Patulous Eustachian tube and causes a continuous movement of the weak TM with pressure differences caused by breathing. Keywords: Tympanic membrane retraction (TMR), Patulous Eustachian tube, Sade classification, grade II retraction, otoscopic examination, autophony, Eustachian tube dysfunction, middle ear pressure, conductive hearing loss, spontaneous tympanic movement, breathing-synchronized tympanic movement . Literature: https://www.otoscape.com/eponyms/sade... Mahajan N, Vijayendra VK, Redleaf M, Honnurappa V. Endoscopic classification system of pars tensa retractions. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology. 2024;138(2):136-141. doi:10.1017/S0022215123001123 Bayoumy AB, Veugen CCAFM, Rijssen LB, Yung M, Bok JM. The Natural Course of Tympanic Membrane Retractions in the Posterosuperior Quadrant of Pars Tensa: A Watchful Waiting Policy. Otol Neurotol. 2021 Jan;42(1):e50-e59. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000002834. PMID: 32890292; PMCID: PMC7737861. Ελληνικα: εισολκη τυμπανικής μεμβράνης, ατελεκτασια αυτιου, συνδρομο ανοιχτής ευσταχιανης σαλπιγγας (Χαινουσας) Video: Georgios Psychogios 2025 Voice: generated with ElevenLabs