Early Historic Period | Uttrakhand specific History | Part 2 скачать в хорошем качестве

Early Historic Period | Uttrakhand specific History | Part 2

This video, "Early Historic Period | Uttrakhand specific History | Part 2", discusses the Early Historic Period in Uttarakhand . acting as a bridge between the prehistoric and historic periods . . Information about this period is primarily derived from two sources: archaeological and written records . Archaeological Sources Cup Marks (Ukhela-like Pits): Circular depressions found on large rocks and boulders. Discovered at Devidhura by Henwood . Found at Dwarahat in 12 parallel lines . Copper Tools/Artifacts: Including bangles, rings, and spearheads . Found near Haridwar at Bahadrabad by S.D. Saliya . These artifacts showed similarities to those found in the Godavari Valley, suggesting inter-regional contact . Copper production was confirmed in the Garhwal and Kumaon regions . Megalithic Burials: Discovered in 1956 at Chamoli in Malari Village by Shiv Prasad Dabral . These contained human skeletons, sheep, horse bones, and pottery . Also found in Lipa Village, Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh by Rahul Sankrityayan . Written Sources Written sources from the Early Historic Period were scarce and mostly in the form of religious texts, inscriptions, and copper plates , offering insights into the social and religious aspects of society . Vedas: The oldest religious texts providing insight into social structures and religious beliefs . Rigveda: The oldest Veda, where Uttarakhand is first referenced and described as "Devbhoomi" (Land of Gods/Sages) Yajurveda: Contains rituals and methods for performing yagnas Samaveda: Contains hymns and melodies sung during rituals Atharvaveda: Focuses on medicinal aspects, herbs, and plants . Brahmanas: Detailed descriptions of rituals and procedures from the Vedas . Aitareya Brahmana: Linked to Rigveda, it mentions Uttarakhand's geographical and cultural context as "Uttara Kuru" Kaushitaki Brahmana: Mentions the goddess "Vak" (Badrinath), indirectly giving sanctity to the Badrinath temple . Puranas: Religious texts compiling ancient history, myths, and religious teachings . Skanda Purana: Important for its detailed descriptions of various Himalayan regions . The Garhwal region was known as "Kedar Khand" . The Kumaon region was known as "Manas Khand" . Mentions Gopeshwar as Gosthal and Haridwar as Mayapuri . The Kumaon region was historically called "Kurmanchal," linked to Lord Vishnu's Kurma avatar . Other Puranas: Refer to the combined region of Manas Khand and Kedar Khand as "Uttarakhand" . Brahma Purana & Vayu Purana: Mention tribes in the Kumaon region, including Kirata (indigenous group in hilly areas), Kinara (found across the Himalayan region), Yakshas and Gandharvas (helpers/protectors of gods), and Naga (prominent in Indian mythology) . Mahabharata: Van Parva: Describes the Uttarakhand region, specifically mentioning the Pulind tribe and their king, Subahu, who participated with the Pandavas . Their capital was Srinagar . Mentions Loma Rishi in connection to the Pandavas' journey . Adi Parva: Highlights Ganga Dwar during the marriage ceremony of Arjuna and Ulupi . Ramayana: Mentions the ashram and cave of Sage Vashistha in the Tehri Garhwal region . Tapovan: A place in Tehri Garhwal where Lakshman undertook penance . Sitoseyon: A location in Pauri Garhwal where Sita Devi was absorbed by the Earth, commemorated by the Mansar Mela . Banasura: A powerful kingdom during the Ramayana period in the Garhwal region, with its capital at Joshimath (Jyotishpur) . Kalidasa's Works: Abhijnana Shakuntalam: Mentions Kanvashram (now Chaughat on the banks of the Malini River), associated with the love story of Dushyanta and Shakuntala . Meghaduta: Mentions Alkapuri (now in Chamoli District), which was the capital of Kubera . Other Historical References Buddhist Texts: Refer to Uttarakhand as "Himavant" . Hariram Dhasmana and Bhajan Singh: Historians who believe the Saptasindhu region mentioned in the Rigveda is the present-day Garhwal region . Caves near Chamoli: Narayan Cave, Vyas Cave, and Muchkund Cave are sites where the Vedas were composed by Vedavyasa. Banabhatta's Harshacharita: Mentions people traveling to and from Uttarakhand . Kalhana's Rajatarangini: Mentions the conquest of Garhwal by Kashmiri ruler Lalitaditya Muktapida . Guru Paduka: A handwritten manuscript found in Joshimath, indicating the existence of various rulers and dynasties . Foreign Literature Chinese Travelers: Huan Tsang (7th Century): Visited Uttarakhand during Harshavardhana's reign ....etc.