Cholelithiasis - I | Gastroenterology Medicine Animation | V-Learning | sqadia.com скачать в хорошем качестве

Cholelithiasis - I | Gastroenterology Medicine Animation | V-Learning | sqadia.com

This Gastroenterology lecture delves into the intricacies of cholelithiasis, a prevalent condition characterized by the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts. Students will find comprehensive resources exploring the epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, and protective factors associated with cholelithiasis. The video also discusses the natural history of the condition, highlighting the various clinical disorders that may arise from cholelithiasis, such as biliary pain and acute cholecystitis. ▬ 📌 Cholelithiasis Cholelithiasis is a medical condition characterized by the formation of gallstones within the gallbladder or bile ducts. Gallstones are hardened deposits of bile components, which can cause pain and complications if they obstruct the flow of bile. Cholelithiasis is a prevalent health issue affecting millions of people around the world. It can lead to various complications if left untreated, making it crucial for healthcare professionals to understand its causes, risk factors, and management. Cholelithiasis Causes The primary causes of cholelithiasis include supersaturation of bile, gallbladder dysfunction, and the presence of certain substances in bile that promote gallstone formation. ▬ 📌 Types of Gallstones There are two main types of gallstones: cholesterol and pigment stones. Cholesterol gallstones are formed due to an imbalance in bile composition, while pigment gallstones result from the precipitation of bilirubin, which can be further divided into black and brownstones. Risk Factors Risk factors for developing gallstones include obesity, age, gender, ethnicity, and family history. Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes and rapid weight loss, can also increase the risk of cholelithiasis. Protective Factors Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight, can help reduce the risk of developing gallstones. Natural History The natural history of cholelithiasis varies from person to person. Some individuals may remain asymptomatic, while others may develop complications such as biliary pain, acute cholecystitis, or pancreatitis. ▬ 📌 Clinical Disorders due to Cholelithiasis Gallstones can cause several clinical disorders, including biliary pain, acute cholecystitis, and pancreatitis, which may require medical intervention. ▬ 📌 Pathophysiology of Cholesterol Gallstones This Lecture explains the pathophysiology of cholesterol gallstones, focusing on the imbalances in bile composition that lead to their formation. Pigment Gallstones: Black and Brown Stones The lecture distinguishes between the two types of pigment gallstones: black and brownstones. It highlights the differences in their formation and composition. Pathogenesis of Brown Stones This part of the lecture describes the pathogenesis of brownstones, emphasizing the role of bilirubin glucuronides, phospholipids, and conjugated bile salts in their formation. Clinical Disorders Associated with Cholelithiasis Four clinical disorders related to cholelithiasis are discussed, with the first part of the lecture focusing on biliary pain and acute cholecystitis. ▬ 📌 Introduction to Acute Cholecystitis Acute cholecystitis is an inflammatory condition of the gallbladder, most caused by the obstruction of the cystic duct by gallstones. The inflammation may lead to infection, gangrene, or perforation of the gallbladder if left untreated. ▬ 📌 Cholecystitis Physical Findings Fever Patients with acute cholecystitis often present with fever due to inflammation and possible infection within the gallbladder. Right subcostal tenderness Tenderness in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, specifically in the area of the gallbladder, is a common finding in acute cholecystitis. Murphy's sign A positive Murphy's sign is present when a patient abruptly stops inhaling during deep palpation of the right upper quadrant due to pain, indicating gallbladder inflammation. ▬ 📌 Cholecystitis Diagnosis History and physical examination A thorough medical history and physical examination can help identify the signs and symptoms consistent with acute cholecystitis. Laboratory tests Blood tests, including complete blood count (CBC) and liver function tests, may show elevated white blood cell count and abnormal liver enzymes, suggesting inflammation and possible infection. Imaging studies Ultrasound is the first-line imaging modality for diagnosing acute cholecystitis, as it can visualize gallstones, gallbladder wall thickening, and pericholecystic fluid. In some cases, additional imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be necessary. ▬ 🎬 5500+ sqadia.com Medical Videos ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 👩🏻‍⚕️ Accessible Medical Student Education 24/7/365 💡 Simplifying Medical Learning 💪 Study Hard, Dream Big, Achieve More