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The Philosophy of Socrates - Key Ideas and Impact

The text explores the life, philosophy, and legacy of Socrates , one of the most influential figures in Western philosophy. Born in Athens in 469 BCE, Socrates is known as the founder of classical Greek philosophy and the father of Western ethics. Despite leaving no written works, his ideas were preserved through his students, particularly Plato and Xenophon . Central to his teachings was the Socratic method , a dialectical approach that uses questioning to uncover deeper truths and challenge assumptions. Socrates emphasized intellectual humility, famously stating, "I know that I know nothing," and believed that true wisdom comes from recognizing the limits of knowledge. His ethical philosophy centered on the idea that virtue and knowledge are inseparable, and that bad actions stem from ignorance. Socrates' relentless questioning of societal norms and values led to his trial and execution in 399 BCE on charges of corrupting the youth and disrespecting the gods. His death, however, cemented his legacy as a martyr for truth and justice. The text also reflects on why societies often resist change and punish those who challenge the status quo, using Socrates' story as a timeless example of moral courage and the enduring power of ideas.