RISK OF MALIGNANCY IN OVARIAN CYST | gynecology | FCPS | aqorn learning | @rahat2021 скачать в хорошем качестве

RISK OF MALIGNANCY IN OVARIAN CYST | gynecology | FCPS | aqorn learning | @rahat2021

Detecting the risk of malignancy in ovarian cysts typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Here are some common methods used to assess the risk of malignancy in ovarian cysts: Transvaginal Ultrasound: This imaging technique is often the first step in evaluating ovarian cysts. It helps visualize the cyst's size, shape, and characteristics, such as solid components, septations (divisions within the cyst), and irregularities. Certain ultrasound features may suggest a higher risk of malignancy, such as complex cysts, solid areas, thickened walls, or the presence of nodules. Tumor Markers: Blood tests can measure specific substances known as tumor markers that may be elevated in ovarian cancer. The most commonly used markers for ovarian cancer include CA-125 (cancer antigen 125) and HE4 (human epididymis protein 4). Elevated levels of these markers may indicate a higher likelihood of malignancy, although they are not definitive on their own. Risk Stratification Tools: Various scoring systems, such as the Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI) or the Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting, use a combination of ultrasound findings, tumor marker levels, and clinical information to calculate the risk of malignancy. These scoring systems help guide decisions regarding further evaluation or management. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): In some cases, an MRI may be recommended to obtain more detailed images of the cyst and surrounding structures. MRI can help differentiate between benign and malignant cysts and provide additional information to assess the risk of malignancy. Clinical Assessment: A thorough evaluation of the patient's medical history, symptoms, and physical examination findings is essential. Factors such as age, family history of ovarian or breast cancer, previous history of cancer, and the presence of associated symptoms can contribute to the overall assessment of malignancy risk. It's important to note that these methods are used in combination and not in isolation. If there is a concern for malignancy based on initial evaluation, further steps may be taken, such as referral to a gynecologic oncologist for specialized care, consideration of surgical intervention for biopsy or removal, or periodic monitoring with repeated imaging and tumor marker tests. @rahat2021    • Плейлист   YouTube channel    / @rahatq2021   Hi, This YouTube channel has been created to help postgraduate trainees in Obstetrics and Gynecology learn and develop clinical skills for history taking, communication, counselling, quality assurance, critical reading of the literature.