The Entire History of Athens скачать в хорошем качестве

The Entire History of Athens

Take your personal data back with Incogni! Use code THISISHISTORY at the link below and get 60% off an annual plan: https://incogni.com/thisishistory #athens #history #documentary CHECK OUT OUR MAP STORE HERE: https://www.redbubble.com/people/MapS... WATCH THIS AND ALL OUR VIDEOS OVER ON SPOTIFY: https://open.spotify.com/show/4ONNqWZ... WATCH THIS AND ALL OUR VIDEOS COMPLETELY AD-FREE OVER ON OUR SUBSTACK: https://thisishistory.substack.com/?r... According to legend, Athens was named after the goddess Athena, who won a contest against Poseidon by gifting the city an olive tree. Archaeological evidence suggests human habitation in the area as early as 5000 BCE. By the Bronze Age (circa 1600–1100 BCE), Athens was a Mycenaean stronghold, ruled by kings such as Theseus, the mythical unifier of Attica. Unlike other Mycenaean cities, Athens survived the Late Bronze Age collapse and continued as a cultural center during the Greek Dark Ages (1100–800 BCE). During the Archaic period, Athens transitioned from monarchy to aristocracy and, ultimately, democracy. Draco’s harsh legal code (circa 621 BCE) and Solon’s economic and political reforms (circa 594 BCE) laid the groundwork for political stability. In 508 BCE, Cleisthenes, often called the “Father of Democracy,” restructured Athens into a system based on civic participation rather than aristocratic rule. Athens played a pivotal role in repelling the Persian invasions at Marathon (490 BCE) and Salamis (480 BCE). Under Pericles (495–429 BCE), the city entered its Golden Age, characterized by the construction of the Parthenon, the flourishing of drama (Sophocles, Euripides), philosophy (Socrates), and the expansion of the Athenian-led Delian League into an empire. However, its dominance led to conflict with Sparta, culminating in the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BCE), which ended in Athenian defeat and the brief rule of the pro-Spartan Thirty Tyrants. Despite its loss of power, Athens remained a center of learning. Plato’s Academy and Aristotle’s Lyceum shaped Western philosophy. However, Athens fell under Macedonian rule after Philip II’s victory at Chaeronea (338 BCE) and later became part of the Roman Republic. The Romans admired Athens, with Emperor Hadrian (117–138 CE) funding new architecture. Christianity gradually replaced pagan traditions, and Emperor Theodosius I closed Athens’ philosophical schools in 529 CE. Under the Byzantine Empire, Athens declined into a provincial town. The Parthenon was converted into a Christian church. In 1204, after the Fourth Crusade, the Franks took control, followed by the Ottoman Turks in 1458. The Ottomans transformed the Parthenon into a mosque, and Athens remained a small town until the Greek War of Independence (1821–1830), during which it suffered extensive damage. Athens was declared the capital of the newly independent Greek state in 1834. Under King Otto, neoclassical buildings were constructed. The 20th century saw occupation during World War II, political turbulence, and economic struggles. However, the city modernized rapidly, hosting the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 and again in 2004. Today, Athens remains a vibrant metropolis, blending ancient history with contemporary culture.