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Physical Examination 20: Male Genitalia & Groin

A comprehensive nursing guide on male genitalia assessment, history-taking, and physical examination, including STI screening, testicular cancer awareness, and hernia evaluation. 🟢 Topics Covered: ✔️ Anatomy & Physiology of Male Genitalia 🔹 Penis & Scrotum – Corpora cavernosa, corpus spongiosum, tunica vaginalis 🔹 Testes & Epididymis – Sperm production, storage, transport 🔹 Inguinal & Femoral Canals – Hernia locations & risk assessment 🔹 Lymphatic Drainage – Penis (inguinal nodes), testes (pre-aortic/lumbar nodes) ✔️ Health History & STI Assessment 🔹 Common Symptoms – Discharge, sores, swelling, pain, lumps 🔹 STI Screening – Gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, herpes, HPV 🔹 Risk Factors – Sexual practices, condom use, prior infections 🔹 HIV Screening – Universal testing recommendation ✔️ Male Genitalia & Groin Physical Examination 🔹 Penis Inspection & Palpation – Retract foreskin (if uncircumcised), check meatus 🔹 Scrotal & Testicular Exam – Size, shape, consistency, nodules, tenderness 🔹 Hernia Assessment – Indirect (internal ring), Direct (external ring), Femoral (below inguinal ligament) 🔹 Scrotal Mass Differentiation – Transillumination test (hydrocele vs. solid mass) ✔️ Testicular Cancer Awareness & TSE (Testicular Self-Exam) 🔹 Most common cancer in young males (20-34 years) 🔹 Risk factors – Cryptorchidism, family history, prior testicular cancer 🔹 No routine USPSTF screening, but patient awareness recommended 🔹 TSE Instructions – After warm bath/shower, check for lumps/swelling ✔️ Groin Hernia Differentiation & Examination 🔹 Indirect Hernia – Through internal inguinal ring, into scrotum 🔹 Direct Hernia – Bulge near external inguinal ring, rarely into scrotum 🔹 Femoral Hernia – Below inguinal ligament, more common in women ✔️ Documentation & Nursing Implications 🔹 Clear charting of normal & abnormal findings 🔹 Patient education on STI prevention, condom use, HPV vaccine 🔹 Importance of sensitive communication & nonjudgmental history-taking