Recent Advances in Management of Cesarean Scar Pregnancy: Prof Marwan Alhalabi - MEFS Conference UAE скачать в хорошем качестве

Recent Advances in Management of Cesarean Scar Pregnancy: Prof Marwan Alhalabi - MEFS Conference UAE

Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is considered an ectopic pregnancy and can carry very serious consequences, including hemorrhage, abnormal placentation, and uterine rupture. Due to the rarity of the condition and the possible serious consequences it requires specialized care to manage appropriately. With an increase in the number of pregnancies concluded with a cesarean section and with the development of transvaginal ultrasonography, the frequency of cesarean scar pregnancy diagnoses has increased as well. The aim of the study is to evaluate various diagnostic methods (ultrasonography in particular) and analyze effective treatment methods for cesarean scar pregnancy.There are 2 types of CSP: CSP with progression to the cervicoisthmic space or uterine cavity (type I, endogenic type) or with deep invasion of scar defect with progression toward the bladder and abdominal cavity (type II, exogenic type). The endogenic type of CSP could result in a viable pregnancy, yet with a high risk of bleeding at the placental site. The exogenic type could be complicated with uterine rupture and bleeding early in pregnancy. Because early diagnosis and treatment are important for the best outcome, every pregnant woman with a history of cesarean delivery should be screened early in the first trimester of pregnancy. Diagnosis can be achieved with ultrasound and Doppler imaging. Dilatation and curettage is not recommended as it carries significant risk of bleeding and very high risk of hysterectomy and fertility loss. Systemic methotrexate treatment should not be applied on the routine basis due to its low efficacy, high risk of fertility loss and adverse effects. Local methotrexate therapy (under ultrasound or hysteroscopy guidance) should be considered a perfect management method as it offers fertility preservation in asymptomatic pregnant patients without concomitant hemodynamic disorders. Synchronous usage of several treatment methods is an effective way to manage cesarean scar pregnancy. The combination of local methotrexate with simultaneous aspiration of gestational tissues under ultrasound or hysteroscopy guidance seems optimal. Subsequently, the remaining gestational tissues can be removed hysteroscopically in combination with vascular coagulation at the implantation site. In more advanced cases, local methotrexate treatment should be considered followed by laparoscopic or laparotomic wedge resection with subsequent surgical correction of the cesarean section scar. We concluded that treatment should be individualized according to many factors including clinical presentation, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels, imaging features, and the surgeon's skill.