The Chernobyl disaster: how it all happened. скачать в хорошем качестве

The Chernobyl disaster: how it all happened.

#Chernobyl #Disaster #Explosion The worst nuclear disaster in history occurred at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, which occurred on April 26, 1986, at reactor number four. The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, located near the city of Pripyat, Ukraine, is considered the worst nuclear disaster in history in terms of both costs and casualties. It is one of only two nuclear power accidents to have reached a level seven—the maximum severity—on the International Nuclear Event Scale (INES), the other being the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan. The initial emergency response and subsequent environmental decontamination, which ultimately involved more than 500,000 people, cost approximately 18 billion Soviet rubles—approximately US$68 billion. The accident began during safety testing of an RBMK-type nuclear reactor. The test simulated a power outage to help establish a safety procedure for maintaining the reactor's cooling water circulation until backup electrical generators could provide power. Three such tests had been conducted since 1982, but they had failed to produce a solution. During this fourth attempt, an unexpected 10-hour delay meant that an unprepared crew was on duty. During a planned reactor power reduction in preparation for the electrical test, the power unexpectedly dropped to near-zero. Operators were only able to partially restore the specified test power, which rendered the reactor unstable. This risk was not addressed in the operating instructions, so the operators proceeded with the electrical test. Upon completion of the test, the operators triggered a reactor shutdown, but a combination of unstable conditions and reactor design flaws instead triggered an uncontrolled nuclear chain reaction. Suddenly, a large amount of energy was released, and two explosions ruptured the reactor core and destroyed the building. One was a highly destructive steam explosion from the evaporation of superheated cooling water; the other was a small nuclear explosion. This occurred immediately after an open-air reactor core fire, which released significant amounts of radioactive contamination for nine days, spreading across Ukraine, Western Europe, and Belarus before finally containing the radiation release on May 4, 1986. The fire gradually generated approximately the same amount of contamination as the initial explosion. Rising radiation levels outside the site 36 hours after the accident led to the establishment of a 10-kilometer-radius exclusion zone. About 49,000 people were evacuated from Pripyat. The exclusion zone was later expanded to 30 kilometers, when another 68,000 people were evacuated from the wider area. The reactor explosion killed two reactor workers. A large-scale emergency operation was launched to extinguish the fire, stabilize the reactor, and clean up the ejected core. As a result of the disaster and the immediate response, 134 plant employees and firefighters were hospitalized with acute radiation syndrome due to the absorption of high doses of ionizing radiation. Of these 134, 28 died within days, followed by approximately 14 cancer deaths over the next 10 years, suspected of being related to radiation exposure. The worst nuclear disaster occurred at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, which occurred on April 26, 1986, at the fourth reactor. The Chernobyl nuclear power plant is located near the city of Pripyat, Ukraine. It is considered the worst nuclear disaster in history, both in terms of cost and losses, and is one of only two nuclear accidents scoring seven—the highest severity—on the International Nuclear Event Scale, the other being the Fukushima-Daichi nuclear disaster in 2011 in Japan. The initial emergency response, together with subsequent environmental decontamination, eventually involving more than 500,000 people, cost about 18 billion Soviet rubles - approximately US $68 billion. The accident began during safety tests of a nuclear reactor of the RBMK type. The test was a simulated power output to help establish a safety procedure to keep the reactor cooling water circulating until backup electrical generators could provide power. Nice to meet you here! Subscribe to the channel! Subscribe to the official channel "NataliART" on YouTube:    / @vseobovsemm