The Hidden Costs of Smoking for Mental and Physical Health скачать в хорошем качестве

The Hidden Costs of Smoking for Mental and Physical Health

Individuals with serious mental disorders who engage in long-term tobacco use face a convergence of detrimental consequences, a “triple whammy” effect. Firstly, smoking can worsen existing mental health conditions and potentially increase the risk of developing new ones. Secondly, smoking significantly elevates the risk of life-threatening physical health conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory diseases. Lastly, the financial burden associated with smoking, particularly for those on limited incomes or state benefits, can lead to neglect of essential needs and further exacerbate their overall situation. Strongest evidence points to a causal link between smoking and schizophrenia, with MR studies showing a more than two-fold increased risk. Evidence also suggests smoking increases the risk of depression, with longitudinal studies showing 60-70% increased odds and MR studies showing 54% increased risk. Smoking might also increase the risk of bipolar disorder, with one MR study showing an odds ratio of 2.46. It makes no sense for people with mental disorders – particularly vulnerable to tobacco addiction – to pay circa £2000 per loss of a life-year. NHS Advice is that “Stopping smoking can be as effective as antidepressants. People with mental health problems are likely to feel much calmer and more positive, and have a better quality of life, after giving up smoking. Evidence suggests the beneficial effect of stopping smoking on symptoms of anxiety and depression can equal that of taking antidepressants.“ All mental health workers ought to actively take a firm position on discouraging smoking among mental health patients. Those with Serious Mental Conditions need the most support. Any nebulous gateway through S17 leave that perpetuates smoking needs to be closed.