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Martin Scheringer: "The Growing Threat from Chemical Pollution" | The Great Simplification #37

On this episode, I welcome Professor Martin Scheringer. We discuss Martin’s most recent paper on PFAS - the ‘forever chemicals, their ubiquity in waterways all over the globe, and their numerous critical health effects. More broadly we outline the risks and scenarios of plastic pollution to planetary futures - and what we might do about it. Is it possible to live in a (mostly) plastic free world, and do we really have any other option? Martin is a professor of environmental chemistry at Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, and works in the research program on Environmental Chemistry and Modeling at RECETOX. He holds a diploma in chemistry from the Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany, and a doctoral degree and a habilitation from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zürich, Switzerland. Find out more, and show notes: https://www.thegreatsimplification.co... 00:37 - Martin’s works + info 01:03 - PFAS 02:14 - Outside the Safe Operating Space of a New Planetary Boundary for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) - Martin’s newest paper 03:07 - Plastic outweighs all animals on earth 03:19 - Micro plastics 04:13 - Health advisory levels for PFAS 04:52 - PFAS Chemicals move with the water and outgas 05:16 - All the products PFAS are used for + more 06:16 - Plastic containers last 700-800 years, and then once degraded last longer 06:34 - PFAS never degrade into anything and will never go away 08:30 - There are 5,000 chemicals of that type, and up to 300,000 chemicals on the market globally all with different properties and unknown health effects 11:01 - ‘The solution to pollution is dilution’ 11:08 - The Graduate 12:45 - Chemical Health Advisories by the EPA 12:58 - These chemicals can lower immune response in babies 13:17 - Chemicals can lower sperm counts in men 13:49 - Health effects of PFAS 14:29 - Dupont teflon production facility releasing PFAS waste water into open waters 15:42 - Dark Waters 16:09 - Endocrine disrupting chemicals 17:45 - Increase in non-communicable diseases over the last 15-20 years 18:03 - Increasing climate effects shown 19:22 - Endocrine disruptors on non-humans 19:59 - The challenge of communicating science 20:45 - Metabolic diseases potentially having origins from chemicals 23:00 - Steep discount rates 24:06 - Packaged food contains lots of these chemicals 24:10 - Food Packaging Forum 24:54 - We create 300 million tons of plastic each year, and half of that is single use plastic 25:35 - The chemicals added into plastics 25:53 - PVC, phthalates 27:22 - All the products that come from a barrel of oil 28:37 - Art Berman + TGS Episode 29:09 - Plastic takes ~12% of oil production 30:32 - Negatives of plastic alternatives 33:11 - 500 billion fossil workers added per year 33:35 - How did people used to live without plastic products? 34:29 - Making glass thinner and lighter 34:55 - Our supply chains are going to have to localize and regionalize 35:45 - Nate’s story on The Great Simplification 36:29 - Potential of small scale farms feeding everyone in the world 36:40 - The centrality of fertilizers and pesticides 37:50 - Petrochemicals in pharmaceuticals 39:54 - RoundUp controversy - Patrick Moore willing to drink it and then refusing to 41:05 - PCBs 41:18 - PCB damage to whales, Orca found dead on beach with high level of PCBs 42:08 - Mercury Biomagnification in fish 43:06 - Average golden retriever in 1950s lived to 15 years old 43:35 - Prevalence of cancer currently 44:50 - List of diseases connected to PFOA 46:30 - Persistent chemicals 47:37 - Environmental Justice and chemical pollutants 48:46 - Persistence and Spatial range 49:25 - Ocean acidification 49:45 - Chemical stressor effects on animal populations and recent study 50:18 - Insect down by 50-70% in mass 51:28 - Higher temperatures cause chemicals to outgas more easily 51:51 - There is very minimal testing of chemicals before they are released as products 56:45 - The New Car smell is phthalate, flame retardants, EDCs… 58:20 - Standing stock in the US grows at 2.5-2.8%/year 1:01:27 - IPCC, IPCC biodiversity, IPCC for chemicals 1:09:06 - Fridays for Future 1:11:55 - Destruction of the Amazon