Thaumasite gemstone information скачать в хорошем качестве

Thaumasite gemstone information

Thaumasite is a silicate mineral with chemical formula Ca3Si(OH)6(CO3)(SO4)·12H2O. It occurs as colorless to white prismatic hexagonal crystals, typically as acicular radiating groups. It also occurs as fibrous masses. Its Mohs hardness is 3.5 and it has a specific gravity of 1.88 to 1.90. Optically it is uniaxial negative with indices of refraction of nω = 1.507 and nε = 1.468. Group of thaumasite prisms from the Kuruman, Kalahari manganese fields, Northern Cape Province, South Africa (size: 4.2 x 3.1 x 1.2 cm) It occurs as a hydrothermal alteration mineral in sulfide ore deposits and geothermal alteration of basalt and tuff. It occurs with zeolites, apophyllite, analcime, calcite, gypsum and pyrite.[1] Thaumasite can also be formed along with other calcium silicate hydrates (CSH) during cement alteration, especially when sulfate attack develops. It was first described in 1878 in Sweden and named from the Greek, "thaumazein", to be surprised, in reference to its unusual composition with carbonate, sulfate and hydroxysilicate anions.[3] The silicate structure of thaumasite is unusual due to the presence of non-tetrahedral silicon in its crystal lattice.[4][5] Indeed, an atypic octahedral configuration is observed for Si present in thaumasite in the form of hexahydroxysilicate: [Si(OH)6]2−, a species exhibiting a geometry similar to that of the hexafluorosilicate [SiF6]2−. Contents 1 See also 2 References 3 Further reading 4 External links See also Other calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) minerals: Afwillite Hexafluorosilicic acid, a chemical species with a central hexacoordinated octahedral silicon atom Gyrolite Jennite Stishovite, a rare high-pressure mineral also with hexacoordinated octahedral silica Tobermorite References Mineral Handbook Webmineral data Mindat.org Duffy, J. A.; D. E. Macphee (2007). "The coordination number of silicon in silicon−oxygen compounds: The special case of 6-fold coordination in thaumasite". The Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 111 (30): 8740–8745. doi:10.1021/jp071343n. PMID 17608517. Jacobsen, S. D.; J. R. Smyth; R. J. Swope (2003-07-01). "Thermal expansion of hydrated six-coordinate silicon in thaumasite, Ca3Si(OH)6(CO3)(SO4)·12H2O". Physics and Chemistry of Minerals. 30 (6): 321–329. Bibcode:2003PCM....30..321J. doi:10.1007/s00269-003-0328-0. Further reading Aguilera, J.; S. Martínez-Ramírez; I. Pajares-Colomo; M. T. Blanco-Varela (December 2003). "Formation of thaumasite in carbonated mortars". Cement and Concrete Composites. 25 (8): 991–996. doi:10.1016/S0958-9465(03)00121-5. ISSN 0958-9465. Barnett, S. J.; C. D. Adam; A. R. W. Jackson (2000). "Solid solutions between ettringite, Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12·26H2O, and thaumasite, Ca3SiSO4CO3(OH)6·12H2O". Journal of Materials Science. 35 (16): 4109–4114. Bibcode:2000JMatS..35.4109B. doi:10.1023/A:1004898623884. Barnett, S. J.; D. E. Macphee; E. E. Lachowski; N. J. Crammond (May 2002). "XRD, EDX and IR analysis of solid solutions between thaumasite and ettringite". Cement and Concrete Research. 32 (5): 719–730. doi:10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00750-5. ISSN 0008-8846. External links Thaumasite form of sulfate attack (TSA) Categories: Calcium mineralsCarbonate mineralsCementConcreteHexagonal mineralsHydratesLuminescent mineralsSilicate mineralsSulfate minerals