Bovine Papillomavirus - Signs , Symptoms and Treatment. बोवाइन पैपिलोमावायरस - लक्षण और उपचार। скачать в хорошем качестве

Bovine Papillomavirus - Signs , Symptoms and Treatment. बोवाइन पैपिलोमावायरस - लक्षण और उपचार।

#Warts #Cattle #Papillomavirus Bovine Papillomavirus is highly prevalent, with around 50% of cattle being estimated to bear lesions. Cutaneous warts are most common in younger animals (under 2 years) and usually spontaneously regress due to the animal's immune response without significant scarring. The duration of infection is very variable (from one month to over a year) and recurrence is possible. Warts caused by the Xipapillomavirus group have a cauliflower-like appearance and can attain the size of a fist; most common on the head, neck and shoulders, they may also occur in other locations. Cutaneous fibropapillomas caused by Deltapapillomavirus group have a nodular appearance. Although unsightly, most skin warts rarely cause problems except in show animals. However, large warts may bleed, potentially leading to secondary infections, and florid warts of the teat can cause mastitis and interfere with suckling and milking. Fibropapillomas can be troublesome when present in the genital area, causing pain and sometimes loss of reproductive functions as well as interfering with calving. Chronically immunosuppressed animals may develop extensive papillomatosis in the upper gastrointestinal tract, which can cause difficulties with eating and breathing.