Forteresse de Mornas, France скачать в хорошем качестве

Forteresse de Mornas, France

Forteresse de Mornas The fortress of Mornas, in the department of Vaucluse, stands on a rocky spur on the left bank of the Rhône, dominating the village of Mornas, established at its foot, and the surrounding area. It had major importance from Antiquity to the French Revolution, from which it fell into ruin. It was rediscovered in the last third of the 19th century and has been the subject of numerous renovations since 1978 by the Friends of Mornas, a heritage conservation association. It was primarily a matter of monitoring the river where navigation made it possible to avoid the more dangerous paths for travelers Mornas is mentioned for the first time in the 9th century (Rupea Morenata) and was in turn owned by the Abbey of Aniane, the Archbishopric of Arles then the Counts of Toulouse. While a village developed at the foot of the mountain, the site of the medieval castrum, mentioned in 1088, was fortified in continuity with the ancient oppidum. These first fortifications were most likely made of wood. The fortress was long disputed by the counts of Toulouse and the archbishops of Arles, particularly because of its strategic position. In 1209, during the crusade against the Albigensians, Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, accused of sympathizing with heretics, was forced to cede several of his strongholds, including Mornas, to the Church. Mornas thus returned to the fold of the Archbishop of Arles, before being taken over by the Count of Toulouse until the Treaty of Paris in 1229, according to which all the count's possessions east of the Rhône came under the authority of the king of France, with the exception of Comtat Venaissin, and de facto Mornas, which now belongs to the pope. The latter entrusted the administration of the county to the King of France until 1274, when Pope Gregory X took over its administration. The fortress is placed under the supervision of the Knights of Saint John of Jerusalem . The latter returned the fortress, costly to maintain, in 1305 The fortress is built on a rocky plateau nearly 200 m long and 70 m wide, dominating the course of the river by 150 m. It is more or less trapezoidal in shape, the long side of which faces the west and the Rhône. The different parts are difficult to date, due to the fairly uniform, relatively homogeneous military style used in the construction. The curtain walls which form the parapet measure no less than two kilometers. The northern part is occupied by the fortress, rebuilt in the 12th century, proper: access is protected by a barbican followed by a chicane, works which can be dated from the 14th century. This system is completed by a casemate dating from the 15th century. The interior of the northern part is organized around an esplanade, bordered to the east by the access gate, the cisterns and the old restored dwellings. To the south rises the keep ( 13th century ?), a quadrangular tower 20 meters high and 3.50 × 5.60 meters on each side. Its summit offers a panorama of the Rhône valley and the surrounding area. To the south-east of the northern ensemble stands the chapel, with a single nave of three bays, semi-circular vaulted on transoms and ending with an apse.in a cul-de-four. The building, probably dating back to the Romanesque period, was extensively restored in the 1980s (reconstruction of the vault, clearing of rubble). The apse was included in the defensive rampart in the 14th century. The north-eastern part is separated from the southern part, or farmyard, by two successive dry moats . It is a vast area, corresponding to the southern part of the promontory, surrounded by an enclosure dating back to the 14th century and which was connected to the defense system of the village itself, below. The reason for such a fortified area is not known. (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortere...) music: W. A. Mozart, Symphony No.38 in D Major #europe #france #provence #castle #mountains #scenery