7DOF MODULE - BEAM ELEMENT WITH 7 DEGREES OF FREEDOM скачать в хорошем качестве

7DOF MODULE - BEAM ELEMENT WITH 7 DEGREES OF FREEDOM

This module provides the option to define beams with 7 degrees of freedom. The additional, 7th DOF represents the warping of the cross-section. A circular cross-section of a bar, or a circular hollow section will remain in-plane as a result of uniform twisting, however, all other section types will experience warping of the cross-section. Warping occurs when the twisting of a member results in the cross-sections distorting out-of-plane along the direction of the members longitudinal axis. If the out-of-plane distortion is restrained or prevented, longitudinal stresses and strains develop in the member. Warping can be constrained by a support or concentrated torque. Constrained warping can significantly affect the stress distribution in thin-walled beams and columns, which should be considered in the design. Warping is also important if the members of the structure are sensitive to lateral-torsional buckling.