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Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH), also known as pseudotumor cerebri, is an increasingly important neurological condition that can lead to severe headaches, visual disturbances, and even permanent vision loss if not recognized and managed promptly. This short 3–5 minute overview provides a clear and structured explanation of IIH, making it ideal for medical students, residents, and clinicians who want a concise yet comprehensive understanding. The discussion covers what IIH is, its key risk factors, and the growing epidemiological burden linked to rising obesity rates. It outlines the classic clinical presentation, diagnostic workup using the modified Dandy criteria, and the importance of distinguishing IIH from secondary causes of raised intracranial pressure. The video then walks through the management approach, highlighting the central role of weight loss and medical therapy with acetazolamide, as well as alternative pharmacologic options and escalation to surgical procedures such as optic nerve sheath fenestration, cerebrospinal fluid diversion, and venous sinus stenting in refractory cases. It also touches on emerging controversies, including atypical presentations and challenges in interpreting lumbar puncture pressures, while emphasizing the impact of delayed diagnosis on long-term visual outcomes. Drawing from the 2024 review by Toshniwal et al. (Navigating the Enigma: A Comprehensive Review of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension), this video aims to raise clinical awareness and provide a practical framework for approaching IIH in everyday practice. With the global obesity epidemic driving increasing incidence, understanding and identifying IIH early is more crucial than ever for preserving vision and improving quality of life.