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Does Extraordinary Claims Require Extraordinary Evidence?

Do Extraordinary Claims Require Extraordinary Evidence? A Philosophical & Historical Critique (Resurrection, Miracles, Big Bang) This episode of Faith and Logic critically examines the slogan “Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence,” often used in debates about miracles, theism, and the resurrection of Jesus. It argues the slogan is not a scientific principle because miracles and historical events cannot be tested or repeated in a laboratory, making it a philosophical claim that must be defended rather than assumed. The script highlights the ambiguity of “extraordinary,” contending that without a clear definition the slogan can be applied arbitrarily, and suggests it can be self-defeating because it functions as a sweeping epistemic rule requiring its own extraordinary support. It also argues that if “extraordinary evidence” means miraculous confirmation, it creates an infinite regress, and if it means repeatability, it would rule out knowledge of any singular historical event, including one-time events like a person’s birth or the Big Bang. The episode proposes that historical claims should be evaluated using historical criteria such as early documentation, multiple attestation, eyewitness testimony, and explanatory coherence, and distinguishes between logical proof and psychological persuasion, noting worldview influences acceptance of conclusions. It further claims the slogan is inconsistently applied by skeptics who accept singular origin claims like the Big Bang and ideas like the multiverse without the same demands. The episode concludes by asserting that objective truth and rationality require grounding, referencing Augustine’s view that truth ultimately resides in the mind of God, and maintains that the resurrection and miracles should be judged by sufficient evidence appropriate to their historical nature rather than an undefined demand for “extraordinary” proof. 00:00 Welcome + What We’re Testing: “Extraordinary Claims…” 01:27 Is This a Scientific Rule or a Philosophical Slogan? 02:04 Defining “Extraordinary”: Rare, Improbable, or Supernatural? 02:35 Does the Slogan Defeat Itself? The Burden on the Rule 03:53 If “Extraordinary” Means Miraculous: The Infinite Regress Problem 04:39 If “Extraordinary” Means Repeatable: Why History Isn’t a Lab 05:46 How Historians Evaluate the Resurrection (and Any Past Event) 06:47 Proof vs Persuasion: Why Worldviews Affect Conclusions 07:24 Inconsistent Standards: Big Bang & Multiverse vs Miracles 08:27 Truth, Logic, and God: Augustine on the Ground of Reason 09:07 Final Summary + Takeaway: Sufficient Evidence, Not Vague “Extraordinary” Demands