Financial emergency in Indian Constitution скачать в хорошем качестве

Financial emergency in Indian Constitution

Welcome to the final part of our Emergency Provisions lecture series. In this detailed video, we cover the Financial Emergency (Article 360), an extraordinary feature of the Indian Constitution that has never been used in Indian history but remains a powerful safeguard in times of financial crisis. What you will learn in this lecture: 🔹 Introduction & Background Why Financial Emergency was included in the Constitution Article 360 and its unique position 🔹 Grounds for Proclamation Threat to financial stability Risk of default or collapse Foreign exchange crisis 🔹 Procedure Proclamation issued by the President on the advice of the Cabinet Approval of both Houses of Parliament within 2 months No maximum time limit – continues until revoked 🔹 Effects of Financial Emergency President can direct States on financial matters Salaries of Government employees can be reduced Even Supreme Court & High Court Judges’ salaries may be cut State Money Bills require Presidential approval 🔹 History & Example Why Financial Emergency has never been declared in India The 1991 Balance of Payments Crisis and IMF reforms as an alternative to declaration 🔹 Safeguards (44th Amendment) Cabinet’s written advice mandatory Articles 20 & 21 (Right to Life & Liberty) cannot be suspended Stricter Parliamentary approval conditions 🔹 Criticism Undermines Federalism Curtails Fundamental Rights Excessive power to the Centre, risk of authoritarian misuse 🔹 Judiciary’s Role Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973): Basic Structure Doctrine ADM Jabalpur Case (1976): Mistake in rights enforcement, later overruled S.R. Bommai Case (1994): Strong judicial check on misuse of President’s Rule 🔹 Conclusion Emergency Provisions: a double-edged sword Necessary safeguard in genuine crises Dangerous weapon if misused for political gain People and judiciary must act as guardians of democracy Financial Emergency #Article 360 #Emergency Provisions #Indian Constitution #UPSC Polity #UPSC Preparation #Presidents Rule    • Financial emergency in Indian Constitution...