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Little India (Tamil: லிட்டில் இந்தியா) is an ethnic enclave in Singapore located east of the Singapore River, across from Chinatown, and north of Kampong Glam.[1] Little India is commonly known as Tekka among the Indian Singaporean community.[2] The precinct is notable for its markets, including the Tekka Market, and the festivals it hosts throughout the year, such as Deepavali and Thaipusam.[3] History Little India was initially a district used by Europeans for cattle trading, where Indian migrant workers found jobs, specializing in cattle rearing.[4] Its location along the Serangoon River provided good conditions for raising livestock, resulting in the growth of that industry.[5][6] Eventually, the swamps were drained, and the European cattle farmers and traders moved out. Many of the cattle rearing migrant workers stayed, and the neighborhood became predominantly inhabited by South Asians, namely people of Indian descent. The Tamil Muslims, also known as Chulias, were among the earliest groups of Indian traders who arrived, engaging in commerce and various occupations, including infrastructure construction and serving in colonial positions. [3] Little India was officially gazetted as a conservation area on July 7, 1989, with subsequent conservation of additional buildings along Desker Road, Syed Alwi Road, and Jalan Besar occurring over the following decades.[7][failed verification] A traffic collision in the neighbourhood on 8 December 2013 killed one person and injured twenty-seven people. Forty people were arrested following this incident.[8] Culture Little India during Deepavali Under the modern People’s Action Party (PAP) policy of racial integration, Little India is deemed as a historical landmark. Many Indian businesses and cottage industries remain concentrated in Little India for the purpose of preserving cultural heritage. However, Little India is not the only zone in Singapore with a significant South Asian population, and Indian-dominant commercial zones can also be found in various Housing and Development Board (HDB) estates.[citation needed] Little India is also home to Chinese Clan Associations, places of worship for various religions, and a range of businesses, including those selling electrical supplies, hardware, second-hand goods, and traditional items such as spice grinders and groceries.[9] Little India is the center of Deepavali (Diwali) celebrations in Singapore.[10][11] Since 1989, the Deepavali light-up has taken place along Serangoon Road, covering over two kilometers with decorative lights. The Indian Heritage Centre organizes the Deepavali Open House, which includes cultural performances, rangoli workshops, and bus tours of the decorated areas.[10] A seasonal bazaar, known as the Deepavali Festival Village, features stalls selling traditional clothing, food, and household items. Celebrations typically conclude on Deepavali day, with some activities continuing into early November.[12]