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THE BILBAO EFFECT. HOW CULTURE CAN RESTART A CITY

The Bilbao Effect is a phenomenon of contemporary urban planning when investments into art exceed expectations. Prompt transformation of a provincial port city in industrial decline into a prosperous financial and tourist center due to a comprehensive transformation of territories with emphasis on vivid and expressive architectural forms, a functional and environmentally friendly transport system has become generic. The experience of Bilbao is explored by architects and urban planners globally. Turning over a new leaf in the history of Bilbao, the Guggenheim Museum has become not only a symbol of the city but also a synonym to the Bilbao Effect. This experience is interesting in terms of positioning museums and objects of art as urban planning points on a megacity's map and possibilities of a comprehensive plan of a radical development of the city. What experience may be applied in other cities? Are there any special conditions for achieving the Bilbao Effect?