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Diagnosis in Psychiatry

Diagnosis in Psychiatry In Medicine, by the term “symptoms” we refer to the patient’s subjective complaints, whereas by “signs” we refer to those observable phenomena coming from the patient’s body. A combination of signs and symptoms, positive on a lab test for a particular illness indicates the possibility of illness. Unfortunately, there are no lab tests to diagnose psychiatric illnesses. The psychiatric diagnosis is description of symptoms, not an explanation of the etiology. Medical diagnoses often point to etiology, and underlying biological causes but psychiatric diagnosis based from the etiological model is very far. Psychiatric diagnoses are categorically different because they are merely descriptive, never explanatory or causative in nature. Diagnosis is a key part of how we communicate with our patients and each other. Indeed, in any situation in which more than one intervention is available some form of classification/diagnosis is needed to guide logical decisions about which intervention is better (or whether no intervention is the optimal option). Diagnosis is not only important in implementing clinical decisions but also for research and auditing purposes. Criticisms of psychiatric diagnostics are many such as reliability (such as how often two clinicians agree on the same diagnosis), validity (such as clear separation between diagnostic constructs or presence of objective validators) utility (such as predicting outcomes and treatment responses), high rates of co-occurrence, and association with negative consequences such as stigma and discrimination comes with the huge tool on the population. Mental disorders are constructs, not diseases. Descriptive, not explanatory. Mental illnesses, affect the way you think and behave. They change your mood and can make it difficult to function at home, work, school or in your community. The less severe the presentation, the more difficult it is to diagnose. There is no bright line demarcating the very heavily populated boundary between mental disorder and normality. When in doubt, it is safer and more accurate to underdiagnose. Geriatric, Children, and teenagers are especially hard to diagnose. Get information from all possible sources you can. No one source is ever complete. Consider the previous diagnoses but don’t blindly believe them Constantly revisit the diagnosis. This is especially true when someone is not benefiting from a treatment that is based on it Accurate diagnosis can bring great benefits; inaccurate diagnosis can bring disaster.