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Cancers of the lung

This is a short video describing the four most common carcinomas of the lung. I created this presentation with Google Slides. Image were created or taken from Wikimedia Commons I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor. ADDITIONAL TAGS: Cancers of the lung The most common carcinomas that originate in the lung parenchyma Squamous cell carcinoma Adenocarcinoma Large-cell undifferentiated carcinoma Small-cell carcinoma Non-small-cell carcinomas Squamous cell carcinoma Smokers (98%) Often arises centrally/proximally in larger bronchi more than peripheral lung Occurs in bronchi more than larynx and trachea bc flow more turbulent Associated with hypercalcemia (secretes PTH-like cmpd); causing weakness, dehydration, AMS Might see desmosomes and/or keratin accumulation (keratin pearls) Can cause obstruction of airway, atelectasis, collapse of lung Can invade lymphatics Can cause clubbing Squamous cell carcinoma Adenocarcinoma Large-cell undifferentiated carcinoma Small-cell carcinoma Adenocarcinoma Most common carcinoma in nonsmokers (but 80% are smokers) More likely to be peripheral than central/proximal Might see glands and/or mucin production on histology Hypertrophic osteoarthritis (HPO) triad has clubbing, long bone swelling, and arthritis Adenocarcinoma in situ (formerly: "Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma" (BAC)) Lepidic growth pattern, replaces type I pneumocytes, but no invasion of interstitium Can be solitary nodule, multiple nodules (multifocal, bilateral) Presents as cough and dyspnea, again +/- mucinous Squamous cell carcinoma Adenocarcinoma Large-cell undifferentiated carcinoma Small-cell carcinoma Large-cell undif. carcinoma Large cells with prominent nuclei No desmosomes, no keratin, no mucin staining Expression analysis on cDNA microarray Squamous cell carcinoma Adenocarcinoma Large-cell undifferentiated carcinoma Small-cell carcinoma Small-cell carcinoma Exclusively smokers Paraneoplastic syndromes: Secretes hormones: ACTH (can cause Cushing’s), ADH (Na abnormality) Eaton-Lambert (neurologic disorder) Fast-growing, rapid progression, early metastases, often high stage at presentation Highly responsive to chemo/rad treatment Limited → Extensive staging as metastasis outside of hemithorax High N/C ratios, frequent mitotic figures, high percentage of cells in division, salt and pepper chromatin, cells aren’t that small Squamous cell carcinoma Adenocarcinoma Large-cell undifferentiated carcinoma Small-cell carcinoma