Indian Village School in worst condition.Schools in Rajasthan.Villagers kids India.rural education скачать в хорошем качестве

Indian Village School in worst condition.Schools in Rajasthan.Villagers kids India.rural education

Indian Village School in worst condition.Schools in Rajasthan.Villagers kids India.rural education Indian Village Schools in worst condition.Poshana, Near Bhinmal,Rajasthan,India.भारत के गाँव की स्कूल, भीनमाल. Education in India is provided by the public sector as well as the private sector, with control and funding coming from three levels: central, state, and local. Under various articles of the Indian Constitution, free and compulsory education is provided as a fundamental right to children between the ages of 6 and 14. The ratio of public schools to private schools in India is 7:5. Following independence, India viewed education as an effective tool for bringing social change through community development. The administrative control was effectively initiated in the 1950s, when, in 1952, the government grouped villages under a Community Development Block—an authority under national programme which could control education in up to 100 villages.[104] A Block Development Officer oversaw a geographical area of 150 square miles (390 km2) which could contain a population of as many as 70,000 people. Despite some setbacks the rural education programmes continued throughout the 1950s, with support from private institutions.A sizeable network of rural education had been established by the time the Gandhigram Rural Institute was established and 5,200 Community Development Blocks were established in India.[106] Nursery schools, elementary schools, secondary school, and schools for adult education for women were set up. A study of 188 government-run primary schools found that 59% of the schools had no drinking water and 89% had no toilets.[112] 2003–04 data by National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration revealed that only 3.5% of primary schools in Bihar and Chhattisgarh had toilets for girls. In Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Himachal Pradesh, rates were 17-26% in 2014.[113] In fact, the number of secondary schools is almost half the number of upper primary schools available in the country. Modern education in India is often criticised for being based on rote learning rather than problem solving. New Indian Express says that Indian Education system seems to be producing zombies since in most of the schools students seemed to be spending majority of their time in preparing for competitive exams rather than learning or playing.[114] BusinessWeek criticises the Indian curriculum, saying it revolves around rote learning[115] and ExpressIndia suggests that students are focused on cramming.[116] Preschool for Child Rights states that almost 99% of pre-schools do not have any curriculum at all. In January 2010, the Government of India decided to withdraw Deemed university status from as many as 44 institutions. The Government claimed in its affidavit that academic considerations were not being kept in mind by the management of these institutions and that "they were being run as family fiefdoms". The University Grant Commission found 39 fake institutions operating in India. Only 10% of manufacturers in India offer in-service training to their employees, compared with over 90% in China. Education in rural India is valued differently from in an urban setting, with lower rates of completion. An imbalanced sex ratio exists within schools with 18% of males earning a high school diploma compared with only 10% of females. The estimated number of children who have never attended school in India is near 10 crore which reflects the low completion levels.[citation needed] This is the largest concentration in the world of youth who haven't enrolled in school. The government continued to view rural education as an agenda that could be relatively free from bureaucratic backlog and general stagnation.[106] However, in some cases lack of financing balanced the gains made by rural education institutes of India.[107] Some ideas failed to find acceptability among India's poor and investments made by the government sometimes yielded little results.[107] Today, government rural schools remain poorly funded and understaffed. Several foundations, such as the Rural Development Foundation (Hyderabad), actively build high-quality rural schools, but the number of students served is small. Women have a much lower literacy rate than men. Far fewer girls are enrolled in the schools, and many of them drop out.[92] In the patriarchal setting of the Indian family, girls have lower status and fewer privileges than boy children.[93] Conservative cultural attitudes prevents some girls from attending school. The number of literate women among the female population of India was between 2–6% from the British Raj onwards to the formation of the Republic of India in 1947.[95] Concerted efforts led to improvement from 15.3% in 1961 to 28.5% in 1981.