THE PRE-RAPHAELITE BROTHERHOOD скачать в хорошем качестве

THE PRE-RAPHAELITE BROTHERHOOD

The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was a group of English painters that formed in 1848. The movement was considered an artistic avant-garde and a precursor of modern art. Main characteristics Search for a new artistic expression, free from academic conventions Focus on a pure and detailed approach to painting Interest in the contemporary world and concern for social issues They usually painted outdoors, directly observing nature Main representatives Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828-1882), John Everett Millais (1829-1896), Holman Hunt (1827-1910), Ford Madox Brown (1821-1893). Influences The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood influenced the Symbolists, an artistic movement that emerged a little later in the 19th century The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood also had a profound impact on the role of women in art Development The Brotherhood disbanded in 1853 The members of the group went their separate ways Rossetti was the most recognized and appreciated painter of the movement The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (PRB in English), also called the Pre-Raphaelite Fraternity or, simply, the Pre-Raphaelites, was an artistic group founded in England in 1848 by Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Holman Hunt and John Everett Millais and dedicated mainly to painting. This group, organized in the style of a medieval brotherhood, emerged as a reaction to English academic art, which followed the mold of the classical artists of the Renaissance. Inspired by the romantic revivalist spirit of the time, the Pre-Raphaelites wanted to restore to art its former purity and honesty, which they believed existed in medieval art from the late Gothic period to the early Renaissance (Proto-Renaissance). By calling themselves Pre-Raphaelites, they emphasized the fact that they were inspired by art prior to Raphael, an artist who had such an influence on the English academy and who was consequently criticized by the Pre-Raphaelites. This group was also influenced by the Nazarenes, a brotherhood of German painters who, at the beginning of the 19th century, established themselves in Rome with the aim of reviving early Christian art. Art for art's sake Although it was a group of artists united in pursuit of the same goal, the group was not homogeneous in its productions, and it was possible to observe a branching out into two different genres within the movement: on the one hand, some of these artists (Millais, Holman Hunt) dedicated themselves to the themes and problems of today's increasingly materialistic society, using realistic representation for this purpose; on the other hand, other artists (Rossetti, Edward Burne-Jones) linked themselves more to medieval themes inspired by Dante (whose name inspired Rossetti's first name) in his Divine Comedy, legends such as that of King Arthur, religious scenes, imbuing their compositions with mysticism in a more visionary version. It can be said that this second variant dominated the movement. Regardless of the theme depicted, it is essential that the work of art convey an authentic idea, the fruit of the artist's individuality. The artist does not have to submit to rigid and restrictive rules of representation; he must be free in his artistic creation. His art opposes the traditional method of representing nature, dispensing with studio work and rejecting the normality of academic compositions, such as, for example, eliminating the horizon line. The Pre-Raphaelite group was composed mainly of artists from the royal academies who had the common goal of reinstating the concept of art for art's sake, rejecting the frivolity of academic art. Considering themselves as a reform movement, although not considered entirely avant-garde because they used historicism and the representation of nature through observation, the Pre-Raphaelites launched a periodical called The Germ to promote their ideas. Their curriculum includes several exhibitions that generated controversy due to the new concept of composition and treatment of religious themes, as well as later successes, when followers of the group, producing increasingly in the Victorian taste of the time, ended up selling works at very high prices. In addition to Ford Madox Brown, who preferred to work independently but remained in contact with the group, other artists were influenced by the linear style of the Pre-Raphaelites, such as William Morris. This movement was extremely important for the art of the late 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, particularly for Art Nouveau and Symbolism.