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Atomic structure | Dalton's Atomic Theory

Atomic Structure is the arrangement of subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons) within an atom. This structure explains why elements behave differently in chemical reactions. Key concepts include the Mass Number (protons + neutrons), Isotopes (atoms of the same element with different neutron counts), and Electron Configuration (how electrons are distributed in shells). Dalton’s theory can be broken down into five main points: Indivisibility: Matter consists of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms. Identical Atoms: All atoms of a specific element are identical in mass and properties. Distinct Elements: Atoms of different elements differ in mass and chemical properties. Compounds: Compounds are formed when atoms of different elements combine in fixed, whole-number ratios. Conservation of Mass: Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms; atoms are neither created nor destroyed in a chemical change. Successes and Limitations Why it was important: It successfully explained the Law of Conservation of Mass and the Law of Definite Proportions (the idea that a chemical compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass). Modern Corrections: While revolutionary, science has since refined Dalton's ideas: Isotopes: We now know atoms of the same element can have different masses (neutrons). Subatomic Particles: Atoms are not indivisible; they contain protons, neutrons, and electrons. Nuclear Reactions: Atoms can be created or destroyed through nuclear fission and fusion. Description for Study Materials Dalton’s Atomic Theory is the first scientific attempt to describe all matter in terms of atoms and their properties. Based on the laws of conservation of mass and constant composition, Dalton proposed that atoms are like solid spheres that rearrange during reactions but never change their fundamental identity. It is a cornerstone topic for high school chemistry and competitive science exams. #DaltonsAtomicTheory #Chemistry #ScienceHistory #AtomicStructure #StudyNotes #SSCGS #ChemistryBasics #ScienceFacts #AtomTheory #Education #AtomicStructure #ChemistryNotes #ScienceFacts #QuantumPhysics #Atom #STEM #Education #Chemistry101 #StudyGram #SSCPreparation