NEET PG- Senile Cataract-Ophthalmology скачать в хорошем качестве

NEET PG- Senile Cataract-Ophthalmology

To view more masterclasses download our Ophthalmology app at https://play.google.com/store/apps/de... Stages Of Senile Cataract:@0:10 Incipient Immature Mature Hypermature Incipient Cataract@0:28 Normal lens -Smooth - Homogenous compact mass - Good vision Water droplets causes lamellar separation of fibers of lens as they occupy space. Now lens - No more a homogenous compact mass - scatters light - Incipient cataract. Incipient cataract- clinical features@1:16 1.Loss of contrast sensitivity( difference of lightening in the background and foreground causing the dullness in the vision) There is no loss of vision and very minimal loss of contrast sensitivity .Normally On a bright sunny day there is high contrast and there is no appreciable loss of contrast and vision loss but on a cloudy rainy/ snowy day there is less contrast and there is fairly significant drop of vision in incipient cataracts during cloudy days. 2. Very minimal Diplopia – double image. 3. Very minimal loss of vision Immature Cataract:@1:32 Partially opaque lens Yellowish grey ( when normal lens is clear and transparent) Iris shadow seen – when a torch is focused on the lens, iris shadow falls on to the lens. Mature Cataract:@2:13 Complete opaque lens. White in colour ( when normal lens is clear and transparent) Often intumescent (lens swell with water) - Push iris forward - May cause Glaucoma blocking anglHypermature Cataract: Normally lens contain 65% water..as the lens are very old it losses all the water where water moves out of the lens and it shrinks. The capsule also shrinks. Phacodonesis, the lens is no longer firmly held by zonules as there is loss of volume and the shrinkage of the lens there by starts rocking. Rocking movement of lens can land up to either Subluxation/partial or dislocation/complete displacement of lens. Hypermature cataract - 2 types - Morgagnian cataract, Sclerotic cataract. Hypermature cataract :@2:55 2 types - Morgagnian cataract, Sclerotic cataract. Morgagnian cataract is a cortical cataract in which the cortex is liquefied and the lens is either floating or inferiorly subluxated in the liquid.@3:54 Sclerotic cataract: When a Nuclear cataract is moreHypermature 2 types – Brunescent , Nigra cataracts. Cataracta Brunescent , Brunescent (brown colour), 2nd hardest cataract Cataract Nigra , Nigra (black colour), 1st hardest cataract Cataract Symptoms:@4:51 1.Painless loss of vision for many many years: But this alone is not a characteristic of cataract. There are many other reasons where we can see slow painless loss of vision. We will discuss few other reasons of slow loss of vision(discuss the other reasons of slow vision loss from the next slide) 2. Diplopia(double vision)/ polyopia (multiple vision). 3. Coloured HALOS (MOST DRAMATIC) and they are always abnormal. The circular halos u see around the light its most disturbing. We need to perform tests for differential diagnosis. But cataract could be first common cause Slow painless loss of vision causes: Cataract (1ST CAUSE) Refractive errors (2nd cause) Open angle Glaucoma Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) Diabetic Retinopathy Slit Lamp Examination:@5:47 -The slit lamp exam is a standard diagnostic procedure, which is also known as biomicroscopy. A slit lamp combines a microscope with a very bright light coming out of a slit, hence the name. -The slit lamp exam usually forms part of a comprehensive eye exam. The individual will sit in a chair facing the slit lamp with their chin and forehead resting on a support. -Examination can be done right from the eyebrows, eye lids, eye lashes to anterior 1/3rd of vitreous. Posterior part vitreous can only be viewed with extra lens. -Hence cataract can be diagnosed using slit lamp.