Italy: Lucca скачать в хорошем качестве

Italy: Lucca

Lucca (ital. Lucca) — a town in the Italian region of Tuscany on the river Serchio. The administrative center of the homonymous province. Total population is approx. 90 thousand inhabitants. The patron Saint of the city is Saint Paulinus Lucca (ital. San Paolino). The city festival on July 12. In 180 BC the Romans founded a settlement, according to Canon device: Cardo Maximus and Decumanus Maximus, which divide the city into quarters — insulin — and intersect at the forum. It is interesting to note that in the current structure of the city these two axes, streets, Fillungo and Cheny intersecting streets Roma and Santa Croce, and the forum, located in Piazza San Michele, completely correspond to the most populated and wealthy trade streets inside the walls of Lucca. No true traveler will not refuse to be in a city with a long history, surrounded by walls of the XVI century, is practically not affected by time, the architecture of the Middle ages and the Renaissance, colorful markets and shops with local delicacies... Lucca is able to surprise, to charm, to intrigue and to leave an unforgettable impression. Regarding the origin of Lucca historians have expressed different opinions: some believe that the city encountered in a swampy area, it has a connection with Lombardy, coming from the Celtic-Ligurian name of "Luk", which means "swamp". History of Lucca consists of periods of war and foreign domination, and their successive years of peace and prosperity. Lucca and nearby Pisa for a long time at odds with each other, and in 1314 pisanty finally established in Pisa its power, which resulted in a loss of the monopoly of Lucca in the textile market. In 1370 Lucca regained its liberty and independence, and in 1438, a truce was signed with Florence that got the city in a state of economic and political stability. In 1799, during the Italian campaign of Napoleon Lucca came under his power. On this historical fact mentions in his novel "War and peace" Leo Tolstoy, opening his most famous work is the next phrase uttered by the maid of honor Anna Scherer in 1805: "Eh bien, mon prince, Gênes et Lucques ne sont plus que des apanages, des "pomestja" de la famille Buonaparte..." (Well, Prince, Genoa and Lucca became no more than estates of the Bonaparte surname...) In 1815 Lucca became a Bourbon Duchy, and in 1847 the Duke of Lucca, Charles Louis of Bourbon-Parma gave the Duchy of Lucca to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, which led to the loss of his independence. The first thing that catches the eye of the tourist who decides to explore Lucca, this impressive fortress wall, built in the XV-XVII centuries to defend the city, length of 4223 meters, with 11 bastions, six outer and three inner gates. From the second half of the nineteenth century, a powerful fortress wall was used as a place for Hiking. For some time, until 90-ies of the last century, it even went vehicles, including heavy – the world's only example of such use of the walls. Today the city walls – a great place for Hiking and Cycling. Lucca historical center has been preserved almost unchanged since the Middle ages – the same narrow streets, squares with adjacent towers and palaces, and about 60 churches. The city crosses the Central street of the old Lucca - Via Fillungo (via Fillungo). Cathedral St. Martin's Cathedral (Cattedrale di San Martino) was built in the VI century Bishop of Lucca by San Frediano, and in later centuries was rebuilt several times and its final form acquired in the XII century. Among the masterpieces that can be seen inside the Cathedral is the painting "Madonna enthroned with child and saints", Florentine painter of the XV century, Domenico Ghirlandaio and tombstone Ilaria Karretto sculptor Jacopo Della Quercia. Church of St. Michael (Chiesa di San Michele in Foro), is located on the homonymous square, and the Basilica of San Frediano (Basilica di San Frediano) are prominent examples of Pisano-Lucca architecture. Guinigi tower (Torre Giunigi) height of 44 meters is the main and highest tower of Lucca – one of the few, extant, although in the beginning of XIV century the city had more than 250 towers and bell towers. Guinigi, the most notable family of the city, decided to Refine their family tower planted on top of some oak trees – a symbol of rebirth. The Amphitheatre square (Piazza Dell'anfiteatro) has the shape of an ellipse, because it was built in the Middle ages on the remains of the Roman theatre belonging to II century. The level of modern square three meters higher, in comparison with the ancient arena. On the square are four gates, only one of which, the lowest, the same as its medieval original. Palazzo Pfanner (Palazzo Pfanner) of the XVII century – a splendid example of Baroque Lucca, surrounded by a beautiful garden.