Pharmacology of Barbiturates - Usmle , Fmge , Neet pg : Dr Rajesh gubba скачать в хорошем качестве

Pharmacology of Barbiturates - Usmle , Fmge , Neet pg : Dr Rajesh gubba

📌 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦:-   / drgbhanuprakash   📌𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻 𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗲:- https://t.me/bhanuprakashdr 📌𝗦𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗯𝗲 𝗧𝗼 𝗠𝘆 𝗠𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁:- https://linktr.ee/DrGBhanuprakash Barbiturate, any of a class of organic compounds used in medicine as sedatives (to produce a calming effect), as hypnotics (to produce sleep), or as an adjunct in anesthesia. Barbiturates are derivatives of barbituric acid (malonyl urea), which is formed from malonic acid and urea. Barbital was first synthesized in 1903, and phenobarbital became available in 1912. Barbiturates act by depressing the central nervous system, particularly on certain portions of the brain, though they tend to depress the functioning of all the body’s tissues. Most of them exert a sedative effect in small doses and a hypnotic effect in larger doses. The barbiturates have largely been replaced as sedatives by the benzodiazepines and other minor tranquilizers, which have fewer unfavourable side effects and less abuse potential. Barbiturates (e.g., phenobarbital,thiopental,secobarbital) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Potentiates the effect of GABA by increasing the duration of chloride channel opening. Unlike BZDs, these drugs cause direct opening of Cl channels and can thus lead to overdose. Treats anxiety and seizures Unlike benzodiazepines, barbiturates induce the cytochrome P450 system ∴ barbiturates are contraindicated in porphyrias: Barbiturates → ↑ synthesis of cytochrome P450 enzymes → ↓ heme (because P450 enzymes contain heme ∴ heme is required to synthesize P450 enzymes) → shortage of heme substrate stimulates δ-aminolevulinic acid synthase activity → ↑ δ-aminolevulinic acid → ↑ levels of downstream intermediates in the heme synthesis pathway, thereby exacerbating porphyrias (eg, acute intermittent porphyria, porphyria cutanea tarda) In addition to inducing the cytochrome P450 system, barbiturates also increase the metabolism of several drugs, which often decreases the pharmacological effect of these drugs Toxicity: sedation, respiratory depression, cardiovascular depression Treatment of toxicity: only supportive measures, there is no antagonist #barbituratespharmacology #barbiturates #barbituratedrugs #PharmacologyofBarbiturates #pharmacologybarbiturates #barbituratespharmacology