Parkinson's Disease🧠 : Etiology , Pathophysiology , Clinical manifestations , Diagnosis , Treatment скачать в хорошем качестве

Parkinson's Disease🧠 : Etiology , Pathophysiology , Clinical manifestations , Diagnosis , Treatment

📌 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦:-   / drgbhanuprakash   📌𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻 𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗲:- https://t.me/bhanuprakashdr 📌𝗦𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗯𝗲 𝗧𝗼 𝗠𝘆 𝗠𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁:- https://linktr.ee/DrGBhanuprakash Parkinson's Disease🧠 - ----------------------------------------- Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting motor function due to the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra, a region of the brain responsible for regulating movement. Dopamine is a crucial neurotransmitter that facilitates smooth, coordinated muscle movements. As dopamine levels decline, individuals with Parkinson's Disease experience hallmark symptoms such as resting tremor (often starting in one hand), bradykinesia (slowness of movement), muscle rigidity, and postural instability. The exact cause of PD is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and aging-related neuronal changes. 🧬🦠 Pathophysiology: The loss of dopaminergic neurons leads to the degeneration of neural pathways that connect the substantia nigra to the striatum, disrupting the balance of excitatory and inhibitory signals in the basal ganglia circuitry. This imbalance affects motor control and coordination, leading to the characteristic motor symptoms of PD. Additionally, the presence of Lewy bodies—abnormal aggregates of the protein alpha-synuclein—within affected neurons is a pathological hallmark of Parkinson's Disease. Clinical Presentation: In addition to the classic motor symptoms, patients may also experience non-motor symptoms, including autonomic dysfunction (e.g., constipation, orthostatic hypotension), sleep disturbances, mood disorders (depression, anxiety), cognitive impairment, and olfactory dysfunction (loss of smell). The progression of symptoms varies among individuals but typically worsens over time, affecting daily activities and quality of life. Diagnosis: Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on history and physical examination, highlighting the presence of cardinal motor features. Neuroimaging, such as MRI, is often used to rule out other causes, while dopamine transporter (DaT) scans can help confirm the diagnosis by showing decreased dopamine activity in the brain. Management: While there is no cure for Parkinson's Disease, treatment focuses on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. Medications such as levodopa (combined with carbidopa) are the most effective for increasing dopamine levels and alleviating motor symptoms. Other drugs include dopamine agonists, MAO-B inhibitors, and COMT inhibitors. Advanced cases may benefit from surgical interventions like Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), which involves implanting electrodes in specific brain areas to regulate abnormal impulses. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and lifestyle modifications, including regular exercise and a healthy diet, are also integral to managing PD. Parkinson’s Disease requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to treatment, aiming to slow disease progression and maintain patient independence. With ongoing research, new therapeutic options continue to emerge, offering hope for better management and improved outcomes. 🚶‍♂️💊 #ParkinsonsDisease #Neurology #NeurodegenerativeDisorders #Dopamine #MotorDisorders #MedicalEducation #NEETPG #USMLE #FMGE #MovementDisorders #ClinicalMedicine #BasalGanglia #Neuroscience #DeepBrainStimulation #MedEd #MedicalStudents #HighYieldTopics #Neuropharmacology #DopaminergicSystem #PDManagement #medicalanimations #fmge #fmgevideos #rapidrevisionfmge #fmge2024 #mbbslectures #nationalexitexam #nationalexittest #neetpg #usmlepreparation #usmlestep1 #fmge #usmle #drgbhanuprakash #medicalstudents #medicalstudent #medicalcollege #neetpg2025 #usmleprep #usmlevideos #usmlestep1videos #medicalstudents #neetpgvideos #usmlestep2videos