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43 Basilica Nova, Rome

The Basilica Nova, or the Basilica of Maxentius-Constantine, in Rome was begun by Maxentius in A.D. 306 and completed by Constantine the Great in A.D. 313. Ingeniously constructed in the form of a typical Roman frigidarium (the cold room of a Roman bath), the law court is made out of concrete and faced with brick. While only part of it is preserved today, the remains make it clear this was one of the largest and most impressive edifices in ancient Rome. Constantine altered the original Maxentian design, changing the axis and creating a closer alliance with the Via Sacra. He also made it the home for his 30-foot seated statue, parts of which are on view in the courtyard of the Capitoline Museums in Rome. But what is most significant about the Basilica Nova is the architect's incomparable facility with the concrete medium, allowing him to create soaring vaults that have few equals and confirm that Roman Architecture did not decline in late antiquity.