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Reticulo-endothelial System @sapnasingh5800

Reticuloendothelial System (RES) Also called the Mononuclear Phagocyte System (MPS), the RES is a vital part of the immune system that helps protect the body by identifying, engulfing, and destroying harmful substances. --- 1. Components of the RES The RES consists of: Monocytes (in the blood) Macrophages (in various tissues) Specialized phagocytes in certain organs These cells are part of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage, which means they originate from a common precursor in the bone marrow. Key Macrophage Types by Location: --- 2. Development All RES cells originate from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. These stem cells differentiate into monocytes, which circulate in the blood. Once they migrate into tissues, they mature into macrophages, which are long-lived and specialize based on their environment. --- 3. Functions of the RES A. Phagocytosis The primary function of RES cells is phagocytosis — the process of engulfing and digesting: Pathogens (like bacteria and viruses) Dead or dying cells (like aging red blood cells) Foreign particles and debris B. Antigen Presentation After engulfing a pathogen, macrophages can present antigens (small pieces of the pathogen) on their surface using MHC molecules. This process activates T-cells, linking innate and adaptive immunity. C. Cytokine Production Macrophages release cytokines (chemical messengers) that: Attract more immune cells to the site of infection Promote inflammation Aid in tissue repair D. Clearance of Senescent Cells The RES, especially in the spleen and liver, removes: Old or damaged red blood cells Platelets Helps recycle iron from hemoglobin E. Immune Surveillance Macrophages constantly monitor tissues and blood for invading organisms or abnormal cells like cancer. 4. Clinical Importance Infections: Weak RES function can lead to chronic or severe infections. Liver diseases: Kupffer cells play a role in liver inflammation and fibrosis. Anemia: Overactive RES can destroy red blood cells too quickly (e.g., in hemolytic anemia). Cancer: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can influence tumor growth or suppression. 🔗 🔗    / @sapnasingh5800   Here are some useful tags for the topic Reticuloendothelial System (RES) that can be used for study, presentations, YouTube videos, blog posts, or research purposes: Taggs-- #reticuloendothelial System, #ImmuneSystem, #LymphaticSystem, #antigen, #immune system, #macrophage, #innate immune system, #phagocytosis, #immunity, #immunology, #white blood cells, #adaptive immunity, lymphocytes, usmle, monocytes and macrophages, infection, types of immunity, monocytes, neutrophils, white blood cell, cytokines, antibodies, chemotaxis, macrophages, immune system for kids, b cells, b cell activation, phagosome, reticuloendothelial system, inflammation, natural killer cells, physiology, medical #ReticuloendothelialSystem #MononuclearPhagocyteSystem #ImmuneSystem #Phagocytosis #Macrophages #Monocytes #KupfferCells #Microglia #LymphaticSystem #SpleenFunction #LiverImmunity #HumanPhysiology #Immunology #CellBiology #MedicalEducation #Pathophysiology #Histology #ClinicalImmunology #MedicalStudents #USMLE #NEETPG #AntigenPresentation #CytokineProduction #IronMetabolism #SenescentCellClearance #InnateImmunity #AdaptiveImmunity